Đánh giá ngắn gọn: Tế bào gốc trung mô: Hiện tượng, khả năng phân hóa, đặc điểm miễn dịch và tiềm năng di chuyển
Tóm tắt
MSCs (Tế bào gốc trung mô) là các tế bào mô đệm không thuộc hệ huyết tương có khả năng phân hóa thành và góp phần vào việc tái tạo các mô trung mô như xương, sụn, cơ, dây chằng, gân và mỡ. MSCs rất hiếm trong tủy xương, chiếm khoảng 1 trong mỗi 10.000 tế bào có nhân. Mặc dù không phải là vĩnh cửu, chúng có khả năng mở rộng rất nhiều trong nuôi cấy mà vẫn duy trì khả năng phát triển và khả năng phát sinh nhiều dòng. MSCs được xác định bằng cách biểu hiện nhiều phân tử, bao gồm CD105 (SH2) và CD73 (SH3/4) và không dương tính với các dấu ấn huyết tương CD34, CD45 và CD14. Các đặc tính của MSCs khiến các tế bào này trở thành ứng cử viên lý tưởng cho kỹ thuật mô. Đã có nghiên cứu cho thấy rằng MSCs, khi được cấy ghép toàn thân, có khả năng di chuyển đến các vị trí tổn thương ở động vật, cho thấy rằng MSCs có khả năng di chuyển. Tuy nhiên, các cơ chế liên quan đến sự di chuyển của các tế bào này vẫn chưa được làm rõ. Các thụ thể chemokine và các ligand cũng như các phân tử bám dính đóng vai trò quan trọng trong việc định cư của bạch cầu ở tissu đặc hiệu và cũng đã được liên quan đến việc vận chuyển các tiền thân tế bào huyết tương vào và xuyên qua mô. Một số nghiên cứu đã báo cáo về sự biểu hiện chức năng của các thụ thể chemokine và các phân tử bám dính khác nhau trên các tế bào MSC của con người. Khai thác tiềm năng di chuyển của MSCs bằng cách điều chỉnh các tương tác giữa chemokine và thụ thể chemokine của chúng có thể là một cách mạnh mẽ để tăng khả năng sửa chữa các rối loạn di truyền của các mô trung mô hoặc tạo điều kiện cho việc sửa chữa mô in vivo. Bài đánh giá hiện tại mô tả những gì đã biết về MSCs và khả năng di chuyển của chúng đến các mô cùng với các cơ chế phân tử liên quan như thụ thể chemokine và các phân tử bám dính.
Thông tin về các mâu thuẫn lợi ích tiềm tàng được tìm thấy ở cuối bài viết này.
Từ khóa
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