So sánh khoảng cách hiệu suất giữa nam và nữ ở các nhóm tuổi cao trong IRONMAN® 70.3: Một nghiên cứu cắt ngang dựa trên internet với hơn 800,000 hồ sơ thi đấu

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 9 - Trang 1-12 - 2023
Beat Knechtle1,2, David Valero3, Elias Villiger4, Mabliny Thuany5, Marilia Santos Andrade6, Pantelis T. Nikolaidis7, Ivan Cuk8, Katja Weiss2
1Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, St. Gallen, Switzerland
2Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
3Ultra Sports Science Foundation, Pierre-Benite, France
4Klinik für Allgemeine Innere Medizin, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
5Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
6Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
7School of Health and Caring Sciences, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
8Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

Tóm tắt

Sự khác biệt giới tính trong ba phân môn (bơi lội, đạp xe và chạy) và tổng thời gian thi đấu trong các cuộc thi triathlon chủ yếu được nghiên cứu cho các định dạng triathlon Olympic và IRONMAN®. Tuy nhiên, chưa có nghiên cứu nào cho khoảng cách IRONMAN® 70.3. Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu hiện tại là điều tra sự khác biệt giới tính trong IRONMAN® 70.3 theo độ tuổi với các khoảng 5 năm cho các phân môn của cuộc thi này. Dữ liệu từ 823,459 hồ sơ (625,393 nam và 198,066 nữ) của tất cả các vận động viên hoàn thành (theo khoảng 5 năm) tham gia các cuộc thi IRONMAN® 70.3 chính thức trên toàn thế giới từ năm 2004 đến 2020 đã được phân tích và đánh giá sự khác biệt giới tính theo nhóm tuổi và các phân môn. Nam giới có thời gian nhanh hơn nữ giới trong tất cả các phân môn và tất cả các nhóm tuổi. Sự khác biệt giới tính thấp hơn trong bơi lội so với đạp xe và chạy, và ít rõ ràng hơn đối với các vận động viên triathlon từ 20 đến 50 tuổi. Sau độ tuổi 60, nữ giới có thể giảm sự khác biệt giới tính so với nam giới trong bơi lội và đạp xe, nhưng không phải trong chạy, nơi sự giảm khác biệt giới tính bắt đầu sau độ tuổi 70. Sự khác biệt giới tính thấp nhất là ở nhóm tuổi 75 trở lên đối với bơi lội và đạp xe và ở nhóm tuổi 30-34 đối với chạy. Trên tất cả các nhóm tuổi, sự khác biệt giới tính có hình dáng chữ U trong bơi lội và chạy, với sự gia tăng sau 18-24 tuổi trong bơi lội và sau 40-44 tuổi trong chạy. Ngược lại, sự khác biệt giới tính giảm liên tục khi độ tuổi tăng trong đạp xe. Tóm lại, nghiên cứu cho thấy sự khác biệt giới tính trong hiệu suất giảm khi tuổi tác tăng trong khoảng cách IRONMAN® 70.3. Tuy nhiên, nữ giới không vượt trội hơn nam giới ở độ tuổi cao hơn. Đáng chú ý, sự khác biệt về giới tính được quan sát thấy ở các phân môn khác nhau, với bơi lội cho thấy sự khác biệt thấp hơn so với đạp xe và chạy. Những phát hiện này nhấn mạnh sự tương tác phức tạp giữa tuổi tác, giới tính và hiệu suất trong các môn thể thao sức bền, nhấn mạnh sự cần thiết phải nghiên cứu thêm để hiểu các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến những khác biệt này.

Từ khóa


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