Communication Skills Training for Dialysis Decision-Making and End-of-Life Care in Nephrology

Jane O. Schell1,2,3, Jamie A. Green4, James A. Tulsky5,1,2, Robert M. Arnold6
1Center for Palliative Care, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
2Department of Medicine and
3Dr. Jane O. Schell, UPMC Montefiore Hospital, Suite 933W, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. Email: [email protected]
4Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
5Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
6Palliative and Supportive Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Tóm tắt

Summary

Nephrology fellows often face difficult conversations about dialysis initiation or withdrawal but are frequently unprepared for these discussions. Despite evidence that communication skills are teachable, few fellowship programs include such training. A communication skills workshop for nephrology fellows (NephroTalk) focused on delivering bad news and helping patients define care goals, including end-of-life preferences. This 4-hour workshop, held in October and November 2011, included didactics and practice sessions with standardized patients. Participants were nephrology fellows at Duke University and the University of Pittsburgh (n=22). Pre- and post-workshop surveys evaluated efficacy of the curriculum and measured changes in perceived preparedness on the basis on workshop training. Overall, 14% of fellows were white and 50% were male. Less than one-third (6 of 22) reported prior palliative care training. Survey response rate varied between 86% and 100%. Only 36% (8 of 22) and 38% (8 of 21) of respondents had received structured training in discussions for dialysis initiation or withdrawal. Respondents (19 of 19) felt that communication skills were important to being a “great nephrologist.” Mean level of preparedness as measured with a five-point Likert scale significantly increased for all skills (range, 0.5–1.14; P<0.01), including delivering bad news, expressing empathy, and discussing dialysis initiation and withdrawal. All respondents (21 of 21) reported they would recommend this training to other fellows. NephroTalk is successful for improving preparedness among nephrology fellows for having difficult conversations about dialysis decision-making and end-of-life care.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Germain, 2011, When enough is enough: The nephrologist’s responsibility in ordering dialysis treatments., Am J Kidney Dis, 58, 135, 10.1053/j.ajkd.2011.03.019

Kurella, 2007, Octogenarians and nonagenarians starting dialysis in the United States., Ann Intern Med, 146, 177, 10.7326/0003-4819-146-3-200702060-00006

Wong, 2012, Treatment intensity at the end of life in older adults receiving long-term dialysis., Arch Intern Med, 172, 661, 10.1001/archinternmed.2012.268

Finkelstein, 2008, Perceived knowledge among patients cared for by nephrologists about chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease therapies., Kidney Int, 74, 1178, 10.1038/ki.2008.376

Davison, 2010, End-of-life care preferences and needs: Perceptions of patients with chronic kidney disease., Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 5, 195, 10.2215/CJN.05960809

Wright, 2008, Associations between end-of-life discussions, patient mental health, medical care near death, and caregiver bereavement adjustment., JAMA, 300, 1665, 10.1001/jama.300.14.1665

Fallowfield, 2002, Efficacy of a Cancer Research UK communication skills training model for oncologists: A randomised controlled trial., Lancet, 359, 650, 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)07810-8

Tulsky, 2011, Enhancing communication between oncologists and patients with a computer-based training program: a randomized trial., Ann Intern Med, 155, 593, 10.7326/0003-4819-155-9-201111010-00007

Holley, 2003, The need for end-of-life care training in nephrology: National survey results of nephrology fellows., Am J Kidney Dis, 42, 813, 10.1016/S0272-6386(03)00868-0

Back, 2007, Efficacy of communication skills training for giving bad news and discussing transitions to palliative care., Arch Intern Med, 167, 453, 10.1001/archinte.167.5.453

Kelley, 2012, Geritalk: Communication skills training for geriatric and palliative medicine fellows., J Am Geriatr Soc, 60, 332, 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03787.x

Back, 2003, Teaching communication skills to medical oncology fellows., J Clin Oncol, 21, 2433, 10.1200/JCO.2003.09.073

Fryer-Edwards, 2006, Reflective teaching practices: An approach to teaching communication skills in a small-group setting., Acad Med, 81, 638, 10.1097/01.ACM.0000232414.43142.45

Ptacek, 1999, Breaking bad news to patients: Physicians’ perceptions of the process., Support Care Cancer, 7, 113, 10.1007/s005200050240

Baile, 2002, Oncologists’ attitudes toward and practices in giving bad news: An exploratory study., J Clin Oncol, 20, 2189, 10.1200/JCO.2002.08.004

Back, 2005, Approaching difficult communication tasks in oncology., CA Cancer J Clin, 55, 164, 10.3322/canjclin.55.3.164

Back, 2005, Dealing with conflict in caring for the seriously ill: “It was just out of the question”., JAMA, 293, 1374, 10.1001/jama.293.11.1374

Jackson, 2011, Teaching communication skills using role-play: An experience-based guide for educators., J Palliat Med, 14, 775, 10.1089/jpm.2010.0493

Davison, 2006, Nephrologists’ reported preparedness for end-of-life decision-making., Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 1, 1256, 10.2215/CJN.02040606

Holley, 1991, Nephrologists’ reported attitudes about factors influencing recommendations to initiate or withdraw dialysis., J Am Soc Nephrol, 1, 1284, 10.1681/ASN.V1121284

Cohen, 2010, Predicting six-month mortality for patients who are on maintenance hemodialysis., Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 5, 72, 10.2215/CJN.03860609

Moss, 2010, Revised dialysis clinical practice guideline promotes more informed decision-making., Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 5, 2380, 10.2215/CJN.07170810

Moss, 2008, Utility of the “surprise” question to identify dialysis patients with high mortality., Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 3, 1379, 10.2215/CJN.00940208

Anderson, 2008, “What concerns me is...” Expression of emotion by advanced cancer patients during outpatient visits., Support Care Cancer, 16, 803, 10.1007/s00520-007-0350-8

Schell, 2012, Discussions of the kidney disease trajectory by elderly patients and nephrologists: A qualitative study., Am J Kidney Dis, 59, 495, 10.1053/j.ajkd.2011.11.023

Detmar, 2001, The patient-physician relationship. Patient-physician communication during outpatient palliative treatment visits: An observational study., JAMA, 285, 1351, 10.1001/jama.285.10.1351

Ford, 1994, Can oncologists detect distress in their out-patients and how satisfied are they with their performance during bad news consultations?, Br J Cancer, 70, 767, 10.1038/bjc.1994.393

Suchman, 1997, A model of empathic communication in the medical interview., JAMA, 277, 678, 10.1001/jama.1997.03540320082047

Heyland, 2009, Discussing prognosis with patients and their families near the end of life: Impact on satisfaction with end-of-life care., Open Med, 3, e101

Roter, 1995, Improving physicians’ interviewing skills and reducing patients’ emotional distress. A randomized clinical trial., Arch Intern Med, 155, 1877, 10.1001/archinte.1995.00430170071009

Charles, 1999, Decision-making in the physician-patient encounter: Revisiting the shared treatment decision-making model., Soc Sci Med, 49, 651, 10.1016/S0277-9536(99)00145-8

Siminoff, 2005, A communication model of shared decision making: Accounting for cancer treatment decisions., Health Psychol, 24, S99, 10.1037/0278-6133.24.4.S99

Rosenberg, 2007, Adult nephrology fellowship training in the United States: Trends and issues., J Am Soc Nephrol, 18, 1027, 10.1681/ASN.2006101169