Collapsibility, composition, and microstructure of loess in China

Canadian Geotechnical Journal - Tập 53 Số 4 - Trang 673-686 - 2016
Zhen Liu1, Fengyin Liu2, Fuli Ma3, Mei Wang3, Xiaohong Bai3, Yonglai Zheng4, Hang Yin1, Guoping Zhang5
1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
2School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710048, China
3College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, China.
4Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
5Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA

Tóm tắt

The collapse potential, mineralogy, microstructure, and particle morphology of a loess from the Loess Plateau, China, were characterized by double oedometer testing, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and image analysis to elucidate the origin of its collapse behavior. Results show that the loess is highly collapsible with a maximum collapse index of 6.7% at a vertical stress of ∼200 kPa. The deposit contains both nonclay (i.e., quartz, albite, muscovite, and calcite) and clay (i.e., two chlorites) minerals. Microstructural, chemical, and image analyses indicate that interparticle calcite and clay cementation and silt particle morphology render the intact soil a metastable structure. Wetting-induced collapse is attributed to both primary and secondary microstructure features. The former is the abundance of weakly cemented, unsaturated, porous pure clay and clay–silt mixture aggregates whose slaking upon wetting initiates the overall structural collapse, while the latter consists of high porosity, unstable particle contacts, and clay coating on silt particles that act synergistically to augment the collapse. A conceptual microstructural model of a four-tiered hierarchy (i.e., primary clay and silt particles, clay aggregates and clay-coated silt particles, clay–silt mixture aggregates, and cemented aggregate matrix) is proposed to represent its structural characteristics and to account for its high collapsibility.

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Canadian Geotechnical Journal

Tập 53 Số 4

673-686

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