Clinical Presentation of Nephrolithiasis

Stoller ML. Urinary stone disease. In: Tanagho EA, McAninch JW, editors. Smith’s general urology. 16th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2004. p. 256–90.

Ellis JH, Patterson SK, Sonda LP, Platt JF, Sheffner SE, Woolsey EJ. Stones and infection in renal caliceal diverticula: treatment with percutaneous procedures. Am J Roentgenol. 1991;156:995–1000.

Press SM, Smith AD. Incidence of negative hematuria in patients with acute urinary lithiasis presenting to the emergency room with flank pain. Urology. 1995;45:753–7.

Glowacki LS, Beecroft ML, Cook RJ, et al. The natural history of asymptomatic nephrolithiasis. J Urol. 1992;147:319.

Makisalo H, Eklund B, Salmela K, et al. Urological complications after 2084 consecutive kidney transplantations. Transplant Proc. 1997;29:152–3.

Butler EL, Cox SM, Eberts EG, Cunningham FG. Symptomatic nephrolithiasis complicating pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2000;96:753–6.

Strothers L, Lee LM. Renal colic in pregnancy. J Urol. 1992;148:1383.

Maikranz P, Holley JL, Parks JH, et al. Gestational hypercalciuria causes pathological urine calcium oxalate supersaturations. Kidney Int. 1989;36:108.

Kathpalia SC, Favus MJ, Coe FL. Evidence for size and charge permselectivity of rat ascending colon. Effects of ricinoleate and bile salts on oxalic acid and neutral sugar transport. J Clin Invest. 1984;74:805.

Obialo CI, Clayman RV, Matts JP, et al. Pathogenesis of nephrolithiasis post-partial ileal-bypass surgery: case control study. Kidney Int. 1991;39:1249.

Goldman SH, Walker SR, Merigan TC Jr, et al. Hereditary occurrence of cystic diseases of the renal medulla. N Engl J Med. 1996;274:984.

Morris RC Jr, Yamauchi A, Palubinskas AJ, Howenstine HJ. Medullary sponge kidney. Am J Med. 1965;38:883.

Yendt ER. Medullary sponge kidney. In: Schrier RW, Gottschalk CW, editors. Diseases of the Kidney, 5th edn. Boston: Little Brown, pp. 525–532.

O’Neill M, Breslau NA, Pak CYC. Metabolic evaluation of nephrolithiasis in patients with medullary sponge kidney. JAMA. 1981;245:1233.

Yagisawa T, Kobayashi C, Hayashi T, et al. Contributory metabolic factors in the development of nephrolithiasis in patients with medullary sponge kidney. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001;37:1140.

Gabow PA. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease—more than a renal disease. Am J Kidney Dis. 1990;16:403.

Torres VE, Wilson DM, Hattery RR, Segura JW. Renal stone disease in polycystic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis. 1993;22:513.

Grampsas SA, Chandhoke PS, Fan J, et al. Anatomic and metabolic risk factors for nephrolithiasis in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis. 2000;36:53.

Zeier M, Fehrenbach P, Geberth S, et al. Renal histology in polycystic kidney disease with incipient and advanced renal failure. Kidney Int. 1992;42:1259.

Rose BD, Post TW. Clinical physiology of acid base and electrolyte disorders. 5th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2001. p. 616–8.

Norman ME, Feldman NI, Cohn RM, et al. Urinary citrate excretion in the diagnosis of distal renal tubular acidosis. J Pediatr. 1978;92:394.

Hamm LL. Renal handling of citrate. Kidney Int. 1990;38:728.

Wiebers DO, Wilson DM, McLeod RA, Goldstein NP. Renal stones in Wilson’s disease. Am J Med. 1979;67:249.

Rizzato G, Fraioli P, Montemurro L. Nephrolithiasis as a presenting feature of chronic sarcoidosis. Thorax. 1995;50:555.

Praga M, Martinez MA, Andres A, et al. Association of thin basement membrane nephropathy with hypercalciuria, hyperuricosuria, and nephrolithiasis. Kidney Int. 1998;54:915.

Berger L, Yu TF. Renal function in gout. An analysis of 524 gouty subjects including long-term follow-up studies. Am J Med. 1975;59:605.

Mhiri MN, Rebai T, Turki L, Smida ML. Association between squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis and calculi. Br J Urol. 1989;64:201–2.

Carr MC, Prien EL Jr, Babayan RK. Triamterene nephrolithiasis: renewed attention is warranted. J Urol. 1990;144:1339.

Sorgel F, Ettenger B, Benet LZ. The true composition of kidney stones passed during triamterene therapy. J Urol. 1985;134:871.

Woolfson RG, Monsell MA. Does triamterene cause renal calculi? BMJ. 1991;303:1217.

Perrone HC, dos Santos DR, Santos MV, et al. Urolithiasis in childhood: metabolic evaluation. Pediatr Nephrol. 1992;6:54.

Bansal AD, Hui J, Goldfarb DS. Asymptomatic nephrolithiasis detected by ultrasound. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009;4:680.

Gillespie RS, Stapleton FB. Nephrolithiasis in children. Pediatr Rev. 2004;25:131.