Climigration? Population and climate change in Arctic Alaska

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 38 - Trang 115-133 - 2016
Lawrence C. Hamilton1, Kei Saito1, Philip A. Loring2, Richard B. Lammers3, Henry P. Huntington4
1Sociology Department, University of New Hampshire, Durham, USA.
2School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
3Water Systems Analysis Group, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, USA
4Huntington Consulting, Eagle River, USA

Tóm tắt

Residents of towns and villages in Arctic Alaska live on “the front line of climate change.” Some communities face immediate threats from erosion and flooding associated with thawing permafrost, increasing river flows, and reduced sea ice protection of shorelines. The term climigration, referring to migration caused by climate change, originally was coined for these places. Although initial applications emphasized the need for government relocation policies, it has elsewhere been applied more broadly to encompass unplanned migration as well. Some historical movements have been attributed to climate change, but closer study tends to find multiple causes, making it difficult to quantify the climate contribution. Clearer attribution might come from comparisons of migration rates among places that are similar in most respects, apart from known climatic impacts. We apply this approach using annual 1990–2014 time series on 43 Arctic Alaska towns and villages. Within-community time plots show no indication of enhanced out-migration from the most at-risk communities. More formally, there is no significant difference between net migration rates of at-risk and other places, testing several alternative classifications. Although climigration is not detectable to date, growing risks make either planned or unplanned movements unavoidable in the near future.

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