Climate Forcing by Anthropogenic Aerosols

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) - Tập 255 Số 5043 - Trang 423-430 - 1992
Robert J. Charlson1, Stephen E. Schwartz2, J.M. Hales3, R. D. Cess4, James A. Coakley5, James E. Hansen6, D. J. Hofmann7
1Department of Atmospheric Sciences and the Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
2Environmental Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973
3Atmospheric Sciences Department, Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352
4Institute for Terrestrial and Planetary Atmospheres, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2300
5Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-2209
6Goddard Institute for Space Studies, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025
7Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303-3328

Tóm tắt

Although long considered to be of marginal importance to global climate change, tropospheric aerosol contributes substantially to radiative forcing, and anthropogenic sulfate aerosol in particular has imposed a major perturbation to this forcing. Both the direct scattering of short-wavelength solar radiation and the modification of the shortwave reflective properties of clouds by sulfate aerosol particles increase planetary albedo, thereby exerting a cooling influence on the planet. Current climate forcing due to anthropogenic sulfate is estimated to be –1 to –2 watts per square meter, globally averaged. This perturbation is comparable in magnitude to current anthropogenic greenhouse gas forcing but opposite in sign. Thus, the aerosol forcing has likely offset global greenhouse warming to a substantial degree. However, differences in geographical and seasonal distributions of these forcings preclude any simple compensation. Aerosol effects must be taken into account in evaluating anthropogenic influences on past, current, and projected future climate and in formulating policy regarding controls on emission of greenhouse gases and sulfur dioxide. Resolution of such policy issues requires integrated research on the magnitude and geographical distribution of aerosol climate forcing and on the controlling chemical and physical processes.

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American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Tập 255 Số 5043

423-430

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