Chronic Effects of the Sympathetic Nervous System in Inflammatory Models

NeuroImmunoModulation - Tập 30 Số 1 - Trang 113-134 - 2023
Georg Pongratz1,2, Rainer H. Straub3
1Department of Gastroenterology, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, St. John of God Hospital, Regensburg, Germany.
2Medical Faculty of the University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
3Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Neuroendocrino-Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

Tóm tắt

The immune system is embedded in a network of regulatory systems to keep homeostasis in case of an immunologic challenge. Neuroendocrine immunologic research has revealed several aspects of these interactions over the past decades, e.g., between the autonomic nervous system and the immune system. This review will focus on evidence revealing the role of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in chronic inflammation, like colitis, multiple sclerosis, systemic sclerosis, lupus erythematodes, and arthritis with a focus on animal models supported by human data. A theory of the contribution of the SNS in chronic inflammation will be presented that spans these disease entities. One major finding is the biphasic nature of the sympathetic contribution to inflammation, with proinflammatory effects until the point of disease outbreak and mainly anti-inflammatory influence thereafter. Since sympathetic nerve fibers are lost from sites of inflammation during inflammation, local cells and immune cells achieve the capability to endogenously produce catecholamines to fine-tune the inflammatory response independent of brain control. On a systemic level, it has been shown across models that the SNS is activated in inflammation as opposed to the parasympathetic nervous system. Permanent overactivity of the SNS contributes to many of the known disease sequelae. One goal of neuroendocrine immune research is defining new therapeutic targets. In this respect, it will be discussed that at least in arthritis, it might be beneficial to support β-adrenergic and inhibit α-adrenergic activity besides restoring autonomic balance. Overall, in the clinical setting, we now need controlled interventional studies to successfully translate the theoretical knowledge into benefits for patients.

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NeuroImmunoModulation

Tập 30 Số 1

113-134

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