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Đặc trưng hóa học và đánh giá dinh dưỡng của sinh khối vi tảo từ sản xuất quy mô lớn: một nghiên cứu so sánh năm loài
Tóm tắt
Sinh khối từ năm loài vi tảo, bao gồm Porphyridium cruentum, Isochrysis galbana, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Tetraselmis suecica và Nannochloropsis gaditana, được sản xuất tại một nhà máy công nghiệp trong các bể photobioreactor ngoài trời, đã được nghiên cứu với mục tiêu đánh giá tính phù hợp của chúng cho các lĩnh vực thực phẩm và dược phẩm chức năng. Sinh khối vi tảo được phân tích về các thành phần gần đúng, nitơ không phải protein, năng lượng, axit béo, khoáng chất, nguyên tố vi lượng và hàm lượng thủy ngân. Các phân tích gần đúng cho thấy sự khác biệt rộng rãi giữa các loài vi tảo, theo đúng vị trí phân loại khác nhau của chúng, đặc biệt là liên quan đến hàm lượng protein (19,6–33,2% khối lượng khô), carbohydrate (15,9–42,2% khối lượng khô) và lipid (5,7–31,1% khối lượng khô). Tất cả các loài đều chứng minh là nguồn cung cấp tốt khoáng chất và nguyên tố vi lượng cũng như axit béo không bão hòa đa (47,4–59,1% tổng số axit béo) với các hồ sơ khác nhau. Axit béo n-3 chiếm ưu thế trong P. tricornutum, N. gaditana, I. galbana và T. suecica (32,6–36,4% tổng số axit béo), trong khi axit béo n-6, chủ yếu là axit arachidonic (C20:4) và axit linoleic (C18:2), chiếm ưu thế trong P. cruentum (43,3% tổng số axit béo). N. gaditana, P. tricornutum và P. cruentum giàu axit eicosapentaenoic (36,0, 29,3% và 15,9% tổng số axit béo, tương ứng), trong khi I. galbana là nguồn cung cấp axit stearidonic (C18:4, 12,2% tổng số axit béo) và axit docosahexaenoic (9,0% tổng số axit béo), không thể phát hiện hoặc có mặt ở mức thấp trong các loài khác. I. galbana và T. suecica cũng cho thấy tỷ lệ cao của axit α-linolenic (C18:3, 12,2%–15,7% tổng số axit béo). Tất cả các loài vi tảo đều được đặc trưng bởi hàm lượng dinh dưỡng tốt và được xác nhận là có thể là thành phần giá trị cho mục đích dinh dưỡng hoặc dược phẩm chức năng.
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