Đặc điểm, Đánh giá Rủi ro Sức khỏe và Mô hình Chuyển giao Kim loại Nặng trong Chuỗi Lương Thực trên Đất canh tác tại Khu vực Đá vôi

Foods - Tập 11 Số 18 - Trang 2802
Liyu Yang1, Pan Wu1,2,3, Wentao Yang1,2,3
1College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
2Guizhou Karst Environmental Ecosystems Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
3Key Laboratory of Karst Geological Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China

Tóm tắt

Sự ô nhiễm kim loại nặng trong đất canh tác là một vấn đề môi trường nông nghiệp nghiêm trọng, đe dọa đến an toàn thực phẩm và sức khỏe cộng đồng. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi đã khảo sát mức độ ô nhiễm kim loại nặng (As, Pb, Cd, Hg, Cr) trong đất nông nghiệp và thực phẩm (gạo, ngô và bắp cải) ở trung tâm khu vực đá vôi lớn nhất châu Á và đánh giá những rủi ro sức khỏe tiềm ẩn từ việc tiêu thụ ba loại thực phẩm này. Ngoài ra, chúng tôi đã phát triển một mô hình chuyển giao dự đoán về kim loại nặng trong chuỗi đất-thực phẩm thông qua các phương trình hồi quy đa biến. Kết quả cho thấy các kim loại nặng trong đất ở khu vực nghiên cứu có đặc điểm tích lũy cao, nồng độ trung bình vượt quá giá trị nền quốc gia từ 1,6 đến 130 lần, trong đó ô nhiễm Cd là nghiêm trọng nhất. Thứ tự ô nhiễm ba loại đất trong khu vực nghiên cứu là đất bắp cải > đất ngô > đất gạo. Thứ tự rủi ro tiềm ẩn của các nguyên tố độc hại trong cả ba loại đất là Cd > Hg > As > Pb > Cr. Kết quả đánh giá rủi ro từ tiêu thụ nông sản chỉ ra rằng có rủi ro cao về ung thư và không ung thư cho dân cư địa phương. Yếu tố đóng góp chính vào rủi ro ung thư là Cr, tiếp theo là As. Cd là yếu tố đóng góp chính vào rủi ro không ung thư trong ngô và bắp cải, trong khi sự đóng góp không ung thư trong gạo chủ yếu do As. Rủi ro cao hơn ở trẻ em so với người lớn và cao nhất ở việc tiêu thụ gạo. Ngoài ra, mô hình chuyển giao dự đoán cho thấy mức Cd trong ba loại thực phẩm có đủ khả năng dự đoán và mô phỏng hợp lý nồng độ Cd trong gạo, ngô và bắp cải trên toàn bộ khu vực nghiên cứu. Điều này có thể cho phép quyết định liên quan đến việc cần thiết phải triển khai các chiến lược phục hồi nhằm giảm thiểu rủi ro ô nhiễm kim loại nặng ở những vùng canh tác có nguy cơ cao thuộc khu vực đá vôi.

Từ khóa

#ô nhiễm kim loại nặng #đất canh tác #rủi ro sức khỏe #mô hình chuyển giao #chuỗi đất-thực phẩm #đá vôi

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