Cell-penetrating Peptide for Enhanced Delivery of Nucleic Acids and Drugs to Ocular Tissues Including Retina and Cornea

National Eye Institute, 1999 Hartong, 2006, Retinitis pigmentosa, Lancet, 368, 1795, 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69740-7 Rattner, 2006, Macular degeneration: recent advances and therapeutic opportunities, Nat Rev Neurosci, 7, 860, 10.1038/nrn2007 Moffatt, 2005, Centennial review of corneal transplantation, Clin Experiment Ophthalmol, 33, 642, 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2005.01134.x Kelder, 1999, Polar molecular surface as a dominating determinant for oral absorption and brain penetration of drugs, Pharm Res, 16, 1514, 10.1023/A:1015040217741 Frankel, 1988, Cellular uptake of the tat protein from human immunodeficiency virus, Cell, 55, 1189, 10.1016/0092-8674(88)90263-2 Phelan, 1998, Intercellular delivery of functional p53 by the herpesvirus protein VP22 [see comments], Nat Biotechnol, 16, 440, 10.1038/nbt0598-440 Derossi, 1994, The third helix of the Antennapedia homeodomain translocates through biological membranes, J Biol Chem, 269, 10444, 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)34080-2 Dietz, 2004, Delivery of bioactive molecules into the cell: the Trojan horse approach, Mol Cell Neurosci, 27, 85, 10.1016/j.mcn.2004.03.005 Lundberg, 2001, Is VP22 nuclear homing an artifact?, Nat Biotechnol, 19, 713, 10.1038/90741 Falnes, 2001, Ability of the Tat basic domain and VP22 to mediate cell binding, but not membrane translocation of the diphtheria toxin A-fragment, Biochemistry, 40, 4349, 10.1021/bi002443l Richard, 2003, Cell-penetrating peptides. A reevaluation of the mechanism of cellular uptake, J Biol Chem, 278, 585, 10.1074/jbc.M209548200 Cashman, 2003, Evidence of protein transduction but not intercellular transport by proteins fused to HIV tat in retinal cell culture and in vivo, Mol Ther, 8, 130, 10.1016/S1525-0016(03)00131-X Cashman, 2002, Intercellular trafficking of adenovirus-delivered HSV VP22 from the retinal pigment epithelium to the photoreceptors-implications for gene therapy, Mol Ther, 6, 813, 10.1006/mthe.2002.0806 Fallaux, 1996, Characterization of 911: a new helper cell line for the titration and propagation of early region 1-deleted adenoviral vectors, Hum Gene Ther, 7, 215, 10.1089/hum.1996.7.2-215 Ho, 2007, Endophthalmitis associated with intravitreal injections, Int Ophthalmol Clin, 47, 199, 10.1097/IIO.0b013e318037795f Bugra, 1997, Acidic and basic fibroblast growth factor messenger RNA and protein show increased expression in adult compared to developing normal and dystrophic rat retina, J Mol Neurosci, 9, 13, 10.1007/BF02789391 Cardin, 1989, Molecular modeling of protein-glycosaminoglycan interactions, Arteriosclerosis, 9, 21, 10.1161/01.ATV.9.1.21 Verrecchio, 2000, Design of peptides with high affinities for heparin and endothelial cell proteoglycans, J Biol Chem, 275, 7701, 10.1074/jbc.275.11.7701 Martinho, 1996, Ligand binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycans induces their aggregation and distribution along actin cytoskeleton, Mol Biol Cell, 7, 1771, 10.1091/mbc.7.11.1771 Michels, 2006, Promising new treatments for neovascular age-related macular degeneration, Expert Opin Investig Drugs, 15, 779, 10.1517/13543784.15.7.779 Check, 2004, Firm sets sights on gene silencing to protect vision, Nature, 430, 819, 10.1038/430819b Ng, 2006, Pegaptanib, a targeted anti-VEGF aptamer for ocular vascular disease, Nat Rev Drug Discov, 5, 123, 10.1038/nrd1955 Pieramici, 2006, Ranibizumab: treatment in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration, Expert Opin Biol Ther, 6, 1237, 10.1517/14712598.6.11.1237 Shell, 1984, Ophthalmic drug delivery systems, Surv Ophthalmol, 29, 117, 10.1016/0039-6257(84)90168-1 Landers, 1994, Increased retinal synthesis of heparan sulfate proteoglycan and HNK-1 glycoproteins following photoreceptor degeneration, J Neurochem, 63, 737, 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1994.63020737.x Jung, 2006, Biological activity of Tat (47-58) peptide on human pathogenic fungi, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 345, 222, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.04.059 Zhu, 2006, Design and mechanism of action of a novel bacteria-selective antimicrobial peptide from the cell-penetrating peptide Pep-1, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 349, 769, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.08.094 Palm, 2006, Quantitatively determined uptake of cell-penetrating peptides in non-mammalian cells with an evaluation of degradation and antimicrobial effects, Peptides, 27, 1710, 10.1016/j.peptides.2006.01.006 Balestrazzi, 2002, Escherichia coli endophthalmitis after trans-scleral resection of uveal melanoma, Eur J Ophthalmol, 12, 437, 10.1177/112067210201200517 Jackson, 2003, Endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis: a 17-year prospective series and review of 267 reported cases, Surv Ophthalmol, 48, 403, 10.1016/S0039-6257(03)00054-7