Các Bacteriocin Hành Động Trên Thành Tế Bào và Ứng Dụng của Chúng Ngoài Hoạt Tính Kháng Sinh

Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins - Tập 4 - Trang 259-272 - 2012
Clara Roces1, Ana Rodríguez1, Beatriz Martínez1
1DairySafe Group, Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain

Tóm tắt

Vi sinh vật tổng hợp nhiều hợp chất có hoạt tính kháng khuẩn để cạnh tranh hoặc bảo vệ bản thân khỏi các vi sinh vật khác và đảm bảo sự sống sót của chúng. Trong bối cảnh này, thành tế bào là một rào cản bảo vệ chính, việc duy trì tính toàn vẹn của nó là rất quan trọng cho nhiều quá trình sống thiết yếu của vi khuẩn. Có lẽ vì lý do này, nó trở thành 'điểm nóng' làm mục tiêu cho nhiều loại kháng sinh và peptide kháng khuẩn như bacteriocin. Các bacteriocin chủ yếu được công nhận nhờ khả năng tạo thành lỗ, làm suy yếu tính thẩm thấu chọn lọc của màng tế bào chất. Tuy nhiên, trong những năm gần đây, nhiều bacteriocin đã được chứng minh là ức chế quá trình tổng hợp thành tế bào, hoặc trong hành động phối hợp với việc tạo thành lỗ như nisin. Các ví dụ về bacteriocin hoạt động trên thành tế bào được tìm thấy ở cả vi khuẩn Gram âm và Gram dương và bao gồm sự đa dạng lớn về cấu trúc như các bacteriocin liên kết lipid II kiểu nisin và mersacidin, lantibiotic hai peptide, và bacteriocin không được sửa đổi. Trong bài tổng quan này, chúng tôi tóm tắt kiến thức hiện tại về các peptide kháng khuẩn này cũng như vai trò, thành phần và quá trình sinh tổng hợp của thành tế bào vi khuẩn như một mục tiêu của chúng. Hơn nữa, mặc dù các bacteriocin đã được quan tâm như là những chất kháng khuẩn tự nhiên trong thực phẩm, chúng tôi đề xuất chúng như là những công cụ phù hợp để cung cấp các phương tiện mới nhằm cải thiện các vi sinh vật có liên quan đến công nghệ sinh học.

Từ khóa

#bacteriocin #thành tế bào vi khuẩn #peptide kháng khuẩn #kháng sinh #công nghệ sinh học

Tài liệu tham khảo

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