Categorization of humans in biomedical research: genes, race and disease
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Schwartz RS: Racial profiling in medical research. N Engl J Med. 2001, 344: 1392-1393. 10.1056/NEJM200105033441810.
Wilson JF, Weale ME, Smith AC, Gratrix F, Fletcher B, Thomas MF, Bradman N, Goldstein DB: Population genetic structure of variable drug response. Nat Genet. 2001, 29: 265-269. 10.1038/ng761.
Editorial: Genes, drugs and race. Nat Genet. 2001, 29: 239-240. 10.1038/ng1101-239.
Owens K, King M-C: Genomic views of human history. Science. 1999, 286: 451-453. 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5414.
Cavalli-Sforza LL, Piazza A, Menozzi P, Mountain J: Reconstruction of human evolution; bringing together genetic, archaeological, and linguistic data. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1988, 85: 6002-6006.
Bowcock AM, Kidd JR, Mountain JL, Hebert JM, Carotenuto L, Kidd KK, Cavalli-Sforza LL: Drift, admixture, and selection in human evolution: a study with DNA polymorphisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1991, 88: 839-843.
Bowcock AM, Ruiz-Linares A, Tomfohrde J, Minch E, Kidd JR, Cavalli-Sforza LL: High resolution of human evolutionary trees with polymorphic microsatellites. Nature. 1994, 368: 455-457. 10.1038/368455a0.
Perez-Lezaun A, Calafell F, Mateu E, Comas D, Ruiz-Pacheco R, Bertranpetit J: Microsatellite variation with the differentiation of modern humans. Hum Genet. 1997, 99: 1-7. 10.1007/s004390050299.
Calafell F, Shuster A, Speed WC, Kidd JR, Kidd KK: Short tandem repeat polymorphism evolution in humans. Eur J Hum Genet. 1998, 6: 38-49. 10.1038/sj/ejhg/5200151.
Tishkoff SA, Dietzsch E, Speed W, Pakstis AJ, Kidd JR, Cheung K, Bonne-Tamir B, Santachiara-Benerecetti AS, Moral P, Krings M, et al: Global patterns of linkage disequilibrium at the CD4 locus and modern human origins. Science. 1996, 271: 1380-1387.
Jorde LB, Rogers AR, Bamshad M, Watkins WS, Krakowiak P, Sung S, Kere J, Harpending HC: Microsatellite diversity and the demographic history of modern humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1997, 94: 3100-3103. 10.1073/pnas.94.7.3100.
Stephens JC, Schneider JA, Tanguay DA, Choi J, Acharya T, Stanley SE, Jiang R, Messer CJ, Chew A, Han JH, et al: Haplotype variation and linkage disequilibrium in 313 human genes. Science. 2001, 293: 489-493. 10.1126/science.1059431.
Mountain JL, Cavalli-Sforza LL: Multilocus genotypes, a tree of individuals, and human evolutionary history. Am J Hum Genet. 1997, 61: 705-718.
Cavalli-Sforza LL, Menozzi P, Piazza A: The History and Geography of Human Genes. Princeton University Press: Princeton New Jersey;. 1994
Lewontin RC: The apportionment of human diversity. Evol Biol. 1972, 6: 381-398.
Latter BDH: Genetic differences within and between populations of the major human subgroups. Amer Nat. 1980, 116: 220-237. 10.1086/283624.
Barbujani G, Magagni A, Minch E, Cavalli-Sforza LL: An apportionment of human DNA diversity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1997, 94: 4516-4519. 10.1073/pnas.94.9.4516.
Editorial: Census, race and science. Nat Genet. 2000, 24: 97-98. 10.1038/72884.
Cargill M, Altshuler D, Ireland J, Sklar P, Ardlie K, Patil N, Shaw N, Lane CR, Lim EP, Kalyanaraman N, et al: Characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding regions of human genes. Nat Genet. 1999, 22: 231-238. 10.1038/10290.
Halushka MK, Fan JB, Bentley K, Hsie L, Shen N, Weder A, Cooper R, Lipshutz R, Chakravarti A: Patterns of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes for blood-pressure homeostasis. Nat Genet. 1999, 22: 239-247. 10.1038/10297.
Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin: Census 2000 Brief. United States Census US Census Bureau, US Department of Commerce. 2000, [http://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs.html]
Parra EJ, Marcini A, Akey J, Martinson J, Batzer MA, Cooper R, Forrester T, Allison DB, Deka R, Ferrell RE, Shriver MD: Estimating African American admixture proportions by use of population-specific alleles. Am J Hum Genet. 1998, 63: 1839-1851. 10.1086/302148.
Knowler WC, Williams RC, Pettitt DJ, Steinberg AG: Gm3;5,13,14 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: an association in American Indians with genetic admixture. Am J Hum Genet. 1988, 43: 520-526.
Tseng M, Williams RC, Maurer KR, Schanfield MS, Knowler WC, Everhart JE: Genetic admixture and gallbladder disease in Mexican Americans. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1998, 106: 361-371. 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199807)106:3<361::AID-AJPA8>3.3.CO;2-J.
Hanis CL, Newett-Emmett D, Bertin TK, Schull WJ: Origins of U.S. Hispanics. Implications for diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1991, 14: 618-627.
McLeod HL: Pharmacogenetics: more than skin deep. Nat Genet. 2001, 29: 247-248. 10.1038/ng1101-247.
Merryweather-Clarke AT, Pointon JJ, Jouanolle AM, Rochette J, Robson KJ: Geography of HFE C282Y and H63D mutations. Genet Test. 2000, 42: 183-198. 10.1089/10906570050114902.
Williams RC, Long JC, Hanson RL, Sievers ML, Knowler WC: Individual estimates of European genetic admixture associated with lower body-mass index, plasma glucose, and prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Pima Indians. Am J Hum Genet. 2000, 66: 527-538. 10.1086/302773.
Dean M, Stephens JC, Winkler C, Lomb DA, Ramsburg M, Boaze R, Stewart C, Charbonneau L, Goldman D, Albaugh BJ, et al: Polymorphic admixture typing in human ethnic populations. Am J Hum Genet. 1994, 55: 788-808.
Smith MW, Lautenberger JA, Shin HD, Chretien J-P, Shrestha S, Gilbert DA, O'Brien SJ: Markers for mapping by admixture linkage disequilibrium in African American and Hispanic populations. Am J Hum Genet. 2001, 69: 1080-1094. 10.1086/323922.
Exner DV, Dries DL, Domanski MJ, Cohn JN: Lesser response to angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor therapy in black as compared with white patients with left ventricular dysfunction. N Engl J Med. 2001, 344: 1351-1357. 10.1056/NEJM200105033441802.
Wood AJJ: Racial differences in the response to drugs - pointers to genetic differences. N Engl J Med. 2001, 344: 1393-1396. 10.1056/NEJM200105033441811.
Lin SS, Kelsey JL: Use of race and ethnicity in epidemiologic research: concepts, methodological issues, and suggestions for research. Epidem Revs. 2000, 22: 187-202.
Ziegler RG, Hoover RN, Pike MC, Hildesheim A, Nomura AM, West DW, Wu-Williams AH, Koloner LN, Horn-Ross PL, Rosenthal JF, et al: Migration patterns and breast cancer risk in Asian-American women. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1993, 85: 1819-1827.
Compston A: Distribution of multiple sclerosis. In McAlpine's Multiple Sclerosis. Edited by Compston A, Ebers G, Lassman H, McDonald I, Matthews B, Wekerle H. Churchill Livingston: London;. 1991, 63-100.
Ebers GC, Sadovnick AD: Epidemiology. In Multiple Sclerosis. Edited by Paty DW, Ebers GC. Philadelphia: FA Davis Company;. 1998, 5-28.
Karter AJ, Ferrara A, Liu JY, Moffet HH, Ackerson LM, Selby JV: Ethnic disparities in diabetic complications in an insured population. JAMA. 2002, 287: 2519-2527. 10.1001/jama.287.19.2519.
Kaufman JS, Cooper RS: Commentary: considerations for use of racial/ethnic classificaiton in etiologic research. Am J Epidemiol. 2001, 154: 291-298. 10.1093/aje/154.4.291.
Cruickshanks KJ, Jobim LF, Lawler-Heavner J, Neville TG, Gay EC, Chase HP, Klingensmith G, Todd JA, Hamman RF: Ethnic differences in human leukocyte antigen markers of susceptibility to IDDM. Diabetes Care. 1994, 17: 132-137.