Categorization of allergic disorders in the new World Health Organization International Classification of Diseases
Tóm tắt
Although efforts to improve the classification of hypersensitivity/allergic diseases have been made, they have not been considered a top-level category in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 and still are not in the ICD-11 beta phase linearization. ICD-10 is the most used classification system by the allergy community worldwide but it is not considered as appropriate for clinical practice. The Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) on the other hand contains a tightly integrated classification of hypersensitivity/allergic disorders based on the EAACI/WAO nomenclature and the World Health Organization (WHO) may plan to align ICD-11 with SNOMED CT so that they share a common ontological basis. With the aim of actively supporting the ongoing ICD-11 revision and the optimal practice of Allergology, we performed a careful comparison of ICD-10 and 11 beta phase linearization codes to identify gaps, areas of regression in allergy coding and possibly reach solutions, in collaboration with committees in charge of the ICD-11 revision. We have found a significant degree of misclassification of terms in the allergy-related hierarchies. This stems not only from unclear definitions of these conditions but also the use of common names that falsely imply allergy. The lack of understanding of the immune mechanisms underlying some of the conditions contributes to the difficulty in classification. More than providing data to support specific changes into the ongoing linearization, these results highlight the need for either a new chapter entitled Hypersensitivity/Allergic Disorders as in SNOMED CT or a high level structure in the Immunology chapter in order to make classification more appropriate and usable.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Papadopoulos NG, Agache I, Bavbek S, Bilo BM, Braido F, Cardona V, Custovic A, Demonchy J, Demoly P, Eigenmann P, Gayraud J, Grattan C, Heffler E, Hellings PW, Jutel M, Knol E, Lötvall J, Muraro A, Poulsen LK, Roberts G, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Skevaki C, Triggiani M, Vanree R, Werfel T, Flood B, Palkonen S, Savli R, Allegri P, Annesi-Maesano I: Research needs in allergy: an EAACI position paper, in collaboration with EFA. Clin Transl Allergy. 2012, 2: 21-10.1186/2045-7022-2-21.
Johansson SG, Bieber T, Dahl R, Friedmann PS, Lanier BQ, Lockey RF, Motala C, Ortega Martell JA, Platts-Mills TA, Ring J, Thien F, Van Cauwenberge P, Williams HC: Revised nomenclature for allergy for global use: report of the Nomenclature Review Committee of the World Allergy Organization, October 2003. J Allergy Clin Imunnol. 2004, 113: 832-836. 10.1016/j.jaci.2003.12.591.
Demoly P, Tanno LK, Akdis CA, Lau S, Calderon MA, Santos AF, Sanchez-Borges M, Rosenwasser LJ, Pawankar R, Papadopoulos NG: Global classification and coding of hypersensitivity diseases – An EAACI – WAO survey, strategic paper and review. Allergy. 2014, 69: 559-570. 10.1111/all.12386.
Tanno LK, Ganem F, Demoly P, Toscano CM, Bierrenbach AL: Undernotification of anaphylaxis deaths in Brazil due to difficult coding under the ICD-10. Allergy. 2012, 67: 783-789. 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2012.02829.x.
Schulz S, Spackman K, James A, Cocos C, Boeker M: Scalable representations of diseases in biomedical ontologies. J Biomed Semantics. 2011, 2 (Suppl 2): S6-10.1186/2041-1480-2-S2-S6. doi:10.1186/2041-1480-2-S2-S6
Rodrigues JM, Schulz S, Rector A, Spackman KB, Chute CG, Persson KB: Sharing ontology between ICD 11 and SNOMED CT will enable seamless Re-use and semantic interoperability. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2013, 192: 343-346. doi:10.3233/978-1-61499-289-9-343
World Health Organization: ICD-11 Beta Draft website. 2014, (cited, available: http://www.who.int/classifications/icd11/en/
World Health Organization: ICD-10 version 2010 website. 2014, cited, available: http://www.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2010
Demoly P, Adkinson NF, Brockow K, Castells M, Chiriac AM, Greenberger PA, Khan DA, Lang DM, Park H-S, Pichler W, Sanchez-Borges M, Shiohara T, Thong BY-H: International Consensus on drug allergy. Allergy. 2014, 69: 420-437. 10.1111/all.12350.
Sampson HA, Munoz-Furlong A, Campbell RL, Adkinson NF, Bock SA, Branum A, Brown SG, Camargo CA, Cydulka R, Galli SJ, Gidudu J, Gruchalla RS, Harlor AD, Hepner DL, Lewis LM, Lieberman PL, Metcalfe DD, O'Connor R, Muraro A, Rudman A, Schmitt C, Scherrer D, Simons FE, Thomas S, Wood JP, Decker WW: Second symposium on the definition and management of anaphylaxis: summary report – Second National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease/Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network Symposium. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006, 117: 391-397. 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.1303.
Scadding G, Hellings P, Alobid I, Bachert C, Fokkens W, van Wijk RG, Gevaert P, Guilemany J, Kalogjera L, Lund V, Mullol J, Passalacqua G, Toskala E, van Drunen C: Diagnostic tools in Rhinology EAACI position paper. Clin Transl Allergy. 2011, 1 (1): 2-10.1186/2045-7022-1-2.
Fokkens W, Lund V, Mullol J: European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps. Rhinol Suppl. 2007, 20: 1-136.
Bousquet J, Schu ̈nemann HJ, Zuberbier T, Bachert C, Baena-Cagnani CE, Bousquet PJ, Brozek J, Canonica GW, Casale TB, Demoly P, Gerthvan Wijk R, Ohta K, Bateman ED, Calderon M, Cruz AA, Dolen WK, Haughney J, Lockey RF, Lötvall J, O’Byrne P, Spranger O, Togias A, Bonini S, Boulet LP, Camargos P, Carlsen KH, Chavannes NH, Delgado L, Durham SR, Fokkens WJ: Development and implementation of guide- lines in allergic rhinitis – an ARIA-GA2LEN paper. Allergy. 2010, 65: 1212-1221. 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2010.02439.x.
Bacharier LB, Boner A, Carlsen K-H, Eigenmann PA, Frischer T, Götz M, Helms PJ, Hunt J, Liu A, Papadopoulos N, Platts-Mills T, Pohunek P, Simons FE, Valovirta E, Wahn U, Wildhaber J, European Pediatric Asthma Group: Diagnosis and treatment of asthma in childhood: a PRACTALL consensus report. Allergy. 2008, 63: 5-34. 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2008.01640.x.
Asthma. Quick asthma facts & The Faces of asthma [Internet]. 2010, Geneva: World Health Organization, Available from: http://www.who.int/respiratory/asthma/en/
Masoli M, Fabian D, Holt S: Richard beasley for the global initiative for asthma (GINA) program. The global burden of asthma: executive summary of the GINA. Dissemination Committee Report. Allergy. 2004, 59: 469-478. 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2004.00526.x.
Bateman ED, Bousquet J, Keech ML, Busse WW, Clark TJ, Pedersen SE: The correlation between asthma control and health status: the GOAL study. Eur Respir J. 2007, 29: 56-62.
Papadopoulos NG, Arakawa H, Carlsen K-H, Custovic A, Gern J, Lemanske R, Le Souef P, Mäkela M, Roberts G, Wong G, Zar H, Akdis CA, Bacharier LB, Baraldi E, van Bever HP, de Blic J, Boner A, Burks W, Casale TB, Castro-Rodriguez JA, Chen YZ, El-Gamal YM, Everard ML, Frischer T, Geller M, Gereda J, Goh DY, Guilbert TW, Hedlin G, Heymann PW: International consensus on (icon) pediatric asthm. Allergy. 2012, 67: 976-997. 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2012.02865.x.
Burks AW, Tang M, Sicherer S, Muraro A, Eigenmann PA, Ebisawa M, Fiocchi A, Chiang W, Beyer K, Wood R, Hourihane J, Jones SM, Lack G, Sampson HA: International consensus on (ICON) Food Allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012, 129: 906-920. 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.02.001.
Simons FE, Ardusso LR, Bilò MB, Cardona V, Ebisawa M, El-Gamal YM, Lieberman P, Lockey RF, Muraro A, Roberts G, Sanchez-Borges M, Sheikh A, Shek LP, Wallace DV, Worm M: International consensus on (ICON) Anaphylaxis. World Allergy Organ J. 2014, 7: 9-10.1186/1939-4551-7-9.
Moscato G, Pala G, Cullinan P, Folletti I, Gerthvan Wijk R, Pignatti P, Quirce S, Sastre J, Toskala E, Vandenplas O, Walusiak-Skorupa J, Malo JL: EAACI position paper on assessment of cough in the workplace. Allergy. 2014, 69: 292-304. 10.1111/all.12352.
Leonardi A, Bogacka E, Fauquert J-L, Kowalski ML, Groblewska A, Jedrzejczak-Czechowicz M, Doan S, Marmouz F, Demoly P, Delgado L: Ocular allergy: recognizing and diagnosing hypersensitivity disorders of the ocular surface. Allergy. 2012, 67: 1327-1337. 10.1111/all.12009.
La Rosa M, Lionetti E, Reibaldi M, Russo A, Longo A, Leonardi S, Tomarchio S, Avitabile T, Reibaldi A: Allergic conjunctivitis: a comprehensive review of the literature. Italian J Pediatrics. 2013, 39: 18-10.1186/1824-7288-39-18.
Bonini S, Coassin M, Aronni S, Lambiase A: Vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Eye. 2004, 18: 345-351. 10.1038/sj.eye.6700675.
Akdis CA, Akdis M, Bieber T, Bindslev-Jensen C, Boguniewicz M, Eigenmann PA, Hamid Q, Kapp A, Leung DY, Lipozencic J, Luger TA, Muraro A, Novak N, Platts-Mills TA, Rosenwasser L, Scheynius A, Simons FE, Spergel J, Turjanmaa K, Wahn U, Weidinger S, Werfel T, Zuberbier T, European Academy of Allergology; Clinical Immunology/American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology/PRACTALL Consensus Group: Diagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis in children and adults: European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology/American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology/PRACTALL Consensus Report. Allergy. 2006, 61: 969-987. 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.01153.x.
Bonitsis NG, Tatsioni A, Bassioukas K, Ioannidis JP: Allergens responsible for allergic contact dermatitis among children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Contact Dermatitis. 2011, 64: 245-257. 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2010.01860.x.
Tan CH, Rasool S, Johnston GA: Contact dermatitis: allergic and irritant. Clin Dermatol. 2014, 32: 116-124. 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2013.05.033.
Zuberbier T, Asero R, Bindslev-Jensen C, Canonica GW, Church MK, Giménez-Arnau A, Grattan CE, Kapp A, Merk HF, Rogala B, Saini S, Sánchez-Borges M, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Schünemann H, Staubach P, Vena GA, Wedi B, Maurer M, Dermatology Section of the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology; Global Allergy and Asthma European Network; European Dermatology Forum; World Allergy Organization: EAACI/GA2LEN/EDF/WAO guideline: definition, classification and diagnosis of urticaria. Allergy. 2009, 64: 1417-1426. 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02179.x.
Cicardi M, Bork K, Caballero T, Craig T, Li HH, Longhurst H, Reshef A, Zuraw B, HAWK (Hereditary Angioedema International Working Group): Evidence-based recommendations for the therapeutic management of angioedema owing to hereditary C1 inhibitor deficiency: consensus report of an International Working Group. Allergy. 2012, 67: 147-157. 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02751.x.
Craig T, Aygören Pürsün E, Bork K, Bowen T, Boysen H, Farkas H, Grumach A, Katelaris CH, Lockey R, Longhurst H, Lumry W, Magerl M, Martinez-Saguer I, Ritchie B, Nast A, Pawankar R, Zuraw B, Maurer M: WAO guideline for the management of hereditary angioedema. WAO J. 2012, 5: 182-199.
Soares-Weiser K, Panesar SS, Rader T, Takwoingi Y, Werfel T, Muraro A, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K, Roberts G, Sheikh A, EAACI Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Group: The diagnosis of food allergy: protocol for a systematic review. Clin Transl Allergy. 2013, 3: 18-10.1186/2045-7022-3-18.
Bircher A, Scherer K: Delayed cutaneous manifestations of drug hypersensitivity. Med Clin North Am. 2010, 94: 711-725. 10.1016/j.mcna.2010.04.001.
Pirmohamed M, Friedmann PS, Molokhia M, Loke YK, Smith C, Phillips E, La Grenade L, Carleton B, Papaluca-Amati M, Demoly P, Shear NH: Phenotype standardization for immune-mediated drug-induced skin injury. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2011, 89: 896-901. 10.1038/clpt.2011.79.
Roujeau JC: Clinical heterogeneity of drug hypersensitivity. Toxicology. 2005, 15 (209): 123-129.
Biló BM, Rueff F, Mosbech H, Bonifazi F, Oude-Elberink JN, EAACI Interest Group on Insect Venom Hypersensitivity: Diagnosis of Hymenoptera venom allergy. Allergy. 2005, 60: 1339-1349. 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2005.00963.x.
Bonifazi F, Jutel M, Biló BM, Birnbaum J, Muller U, EAACI Interest Group on Insect Venom Hypersensitivity: Prevention and treatment of hymenoptera venom allergy: guidelines for clinical practice. Allergy. 2005, 60: 1459-1470. 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2005.00960.x.