Capillary electrophoresis analysis of a wide variety of seized drugs using the same capillary with dynamic coatings

Electrophoresis - Tập 25 Số 10-11 - Trang 1580-1591 - 2004
Ira S. Lurie1, Patrick Hays1, K. Michael Parker1
1Special Testing and Research Laboratory, U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, Dulles, VA, USA

Tóm tắt

Abstract

Capillary electrophoresis methodology is presented for the routine analysis of a wide variety of seized drugs using the same capillary with dynamic coatings and multiple run buffers. The types of exhibits analyzed using diode array UV detection include phenethylamines, cocaine, oxycodone, heroin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), opium, hallucinogenic mushrooms, and γ‐hydroxybutyrate‐γ‐butyrolactone (GHB‐GBL). Both qualitative and quantitative analyses are achieved using run buffers that contain additives that provide for secondary equilibrium and/or dynamic coating of the capillary. Dynamic coating of the capillary surface is accomplished by rapid flushes of 0.1 Nsodium hydroxide, water, buffer containing polycation coating reagent, and a buffer containing a polyanionic coating reagent (with or without cyclodextrin(s)) or a micelle coating reagent. Dynamic coating with a polyanionic coating reagent is used for the analysis of moderately basic seized drugs and adulterants. The use of cyclodextrin in the run buffer not only allows for chiral analysis but also greatly enhances separation selectivity for achiral solutes. A capillary dynamically coated with a micelle allows for the analysis of neutral, acidic, and weakly basic drugs (GHB, GBL and neutral, acidic, and weakly basic adulterants). Dynamic coating, which gives rise to a relatively high and robust electroosmotic flow at pH < 7, allows for rapid, precise and reproducible separations. For a wide variety of drugs, excellent linearity and migration time precision and good peak area precision (external and internal standard) is obtained. Quantitative results for synthetic mixtures are in good agreement with actual values. Screening for adulterants is greatly enhanced by the use of automated library searches.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Huizer H., 1991, The Analysis of Drugs of Abuse, 23

Larsen A. K., 1992, Gas Chromatography in Forensic Science, 27

Webb K., 1991, The Analysis of Drugs of Abuse, 175

Lillsunde P., 1995, Analysis of Addictive and Misused Drugs, 221

Wittwer J. D., 1983, High Performance Liquid Chromatography in Forensic Chemistry, 53

Lurie I. S., 1983, High Performance Liquid Chromatography in Forensic Chemistry, 161

Caddy B., 1991, The Analysis of Drugs of Abuse, 121

Lurie I. S., 1995, Analysis of Addictive and Misused Drugs, 51

10.1016/0021-9673(92)85114-9

10.1016/0021-9673(93)87029-L

Kram T. C., 1978, J. Forensic Sci., 23, 456, 10.1520/JFS10692J

10.1520/JFS15096J

Lurie I. S., 1995, Analysis of Addictive and Misused Drugs, 151

10.1016/0379-0738(95)01863-8

Thormann W., 1998, Electrophoresis, 19, 2961

10.1016/S0379-0738(98)00012-7

10.1002/(SICI)1522-2683(19991001)20:15/16<3203::AID-ELPS3203>3.0.CO;2-E

10.1002/1522-2683(200111)22:19<4216::AID-ELPS4216>3.0.CO;2-W

10.1002/1522-2683(200205)23:9<1328::AID-ELPS1328>3.0.CO;2-Z

Noggle F. T., 1986, J. Forensic Sci., 31, 732, 10.1520/JFS12307J

10.1021/ac00094a026

10.1016/0021-9673(94)85228-6

10.1016/0021-9673(94)00720-9

10.1016/0021-9673(95)00483-3

10.1016/0021-9673(95)00360-Y

10.1016/0378-4347(95)00020-J

10.1520/JFS14004J

10.1016/S1355-0306(97)72156-7

10.1016/S0379-0738(97)02105-1

Cheng W. C., 2002, J. Forensic Sci., 47, 1, 10.1520/JFS15556J

10.1016/S0021-9673(02)01405-X

10.1016/S0379-0738(03)00096-3

10.1002/elps.1150150116

10.1520/JFS14299J

Ishi H., 2001, Forensic Sci., 46, 490, 10.1520/JFS14997J

10.1007/s00216-002-1241-y

10.1093/chromsci/32.1.1

10.1520/JFS13752J

10.1016/S0021-9673(01)00734-8

10.1016/0021-9673(95)00670-2

10.1016/0731-7085(95)01318-F

10.1002/elps.1150170814

Jelinek I., 1997, Chem. Listy., 91, 487

10.1002/elps.200390185

10.1016/S0378-4347(97)00127-8

10.1002/elps.1150190107

10.1016/S0379-0738(02)00006-3

10.1016/S0021-9673(02)01774-0

10.1016/j.chroma.2004.01.062

Chevigne R. Janssens J. US Patent #5 611 909 3/18/97.

Weinberger R., 1999, Am. Lab., 31, 59

10.1021/ac9708755

10.1002/1522-2683(200107)22:12<2565::AID-ELPS2565>3.0.CO;2-I

10.1021/ac010838k

10.1520/JFS15152J

Weinberger R., 2000, Practical Capillary Electrophoresis, 108

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Electrophoresis

Tập 25 Số 10-11

1580-1591

Thông tin tác giả