Cancer cachexia: impact, mechanisms and emerging treatments

Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle - Tập 4 Số 2 - Trang 95-109 - 2013
Vanessa Vaughan1, Peter Martin2,1, Paul Lewandowski1
1School of Medicine, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, 3216 Waurn Ponds, Victoria
2Palliative Care Program, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria

Tóm tắt

Many forms of cancer present with a complex metabolic profile characterised by loss of lean body mass known as cancer cachexia. The physical impact of cachexia contributes to decreased patient quality of life, treatment success and survival due to gross alterations in protein metabolism, increased oxidative stress and systemic inflammation. The psychological impact also contributes to decreased quality of life for both patients and their families. Combination therapies that target multiple pathways, such as eicosapentaenoic acid administered in combination with exercise, appetite stimulants, antioxidants or anti‐inflammatories, have potential in the treatment of this complex syndrome and require further development.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

10.1016/S1470-2045(10)70218-7

10.1016/j.clnu.2008.06.013

10.1038/nrc927

10.1017/S0029665199000439

10.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.09.009

10.1038/ncpendmet0247

10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.02.065

10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2006.05.012

10.1007/s13539-010-0002-6

10.1152/ajpcell.00154.2002

10.1097/00003465-200411000-00001

10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2006.10.015

10.1016/j.ejon.2005.09.006

10.1016/j.clnu.2007.03.011

10.1002/jcb.10601

10.1016/S0899-9007(96)00313-9

10.1002/cncr.21013

10.1016/S0149-2918(05)80001-3

10.1093/ajcn/83.6.1345

10.1007/s11605-008-0505-z

10.1007/s00520-003-0568-z

Caissie A, 2011, What QLQ-C15-PAL symptoms matter most for overall quality of life in patients with advanced cancer?, World J Oncol, 2, 166

10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-1147

10.1016/j.ejca.2005.07.026

10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-3067

10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-2242

10.1016/S0959-8049(97)10090-9

10.1016/j.ejca.2008.02.033

10.1016/0959-8049(96)00136-0

Goldberg RM, 1995, Pentoxifylline for treatment of cancer anorexia and cachexia? A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, J Clin Oncol, 13, 2856, 10.1200/JCO.1995.13.11.2856

10.1097/00152192-200507000-00012

Illman J, 2005, Are inflammatory cytokines the common link between cancer-associated cachexia and depression?, J Support Oncol, 3, 37

10.1016/S1470-2045(01)00456-9

10.1016/S0006-3223(03)00413-X

10.1177/0269216307076346

10.1188/09.ONF.439-445

10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2008.10.012

10.1046/j.1365-2648.2000.01580.x

10.1016/0002-8223(94)91945-3

10.1177/0269216307077172

10.1177/082585970402000205

Evans WK, 1985, Limited impact of total parenteral nutrition on nutritional status during treatment for small cell lung cancer, Cancer Res, 45, 3347

Loprinzi CL, 1993, Body-composition changes in patients who gain weight while receiving megestrol acetate, J Clin Oncol, 11, 152, 10.1200/JCO.1993.11.1.152

10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19980201)82:3<553::AID-CNCR18>3.0.CO;2-0

10.1093/ajcn/83.4.735

10.1200/JCO.1987.5.1.113

Ovesen L, 1993, Effect of dietary counseling on food intake, body weight, response rate, survival, and quality of life in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: a prospective, randomized study, J Clin Oncol, 11, 2043, 10.1200/JCO.1993.11.10.2043

10.1097/01.mco.0000078985.18774.4b

10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2003.09.007

10.7326/0003-4819-110-9-734

10.1097/00126334-200010001-00013

10.1016/S0899-9007(01)00631-1

10.1007/PL00012350

10.1016/S1470-2045(00)00033-4

10.1200/JCO.2005.02.054

10.1007/s11739-010-0426-1

10.1002/1097-0142(197511)36:5<1888::AID-CNCR2820360546>3.0.CO;2-Y

Nielsen SS, 1980, Influence of food odors on food aversions and preferences in patients with cancer, Am J Clin Nutr, 33, 2253, 10.1093/ajcn/33.11.2253

10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19980515)82:10<1938::AID-CNCR18>3.0.CO;2-U

10.1097/00002820-200104000-00011

10.1016/j.ejon.2005.09.003

Wickham RS, 1999, Taste changes experienced by patients receiving chemotherapy, Oncol Nurs Forum, 26, 697

10.1188/02.CJON.73-77

Wright AL, 1981, Experimental zinc depletion and altered taste perception for NaCl in young adult males, Am J Clin Nutr, 34, 848, 10.1093/ajcn/34.5.848

Silverman JE, 1983, Zinc supplementation and taste in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy, J Oral Med, 38, 14

10.1016/j.ijrobp.2006.10.046

10.1007/s00520-006-0061-6

10.1007/s00520-005-0015-4

10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19980101)82:1<42::AID-CNCR5>3.0.CO;2-M

10.2741/Tisdale

10.1172/JCI200420174

10.1016/S0140-6736(84)91929-9

Fearon KC, 1988, Influence of whole body protein turnover rate on resting energy expenditure in patients with cancer, Cancer Res, 48, 2590

Rossi Fanelli F, 1995, Tumor-induced changes in host metabolism: a possible marker of neoplastic disease, Nutrition, 11, 595

Holroyde CP, 1975, Altered glucose metabolism in metastatic carcinoma, Cancer Res, 35, 3710

10.3945/ajcn.2008.27273

10.1038/sj.bjc.6604905

10.1097/00000658-198302000-00006

Fredrix EW, 1991, Effect of different tumor types on resting energy expenditure, Cancer Res, 51, 6138

10.1001/archsurg.1986.01400070055011

10.1016/S0026-0495(97)90140-2

10.1038/bjc.1994.161

10.1159/000226793

10.1016/j.clnu.2009.07.001

10.1007/PL00012351

10.1038/nature04672

Brekel AJ S-v, 1995, Increased resting energy expenditure and weight loss are related to a systemic inflammatory response in lung cancer patients, J Clin Oncol, 13, 2600, 10.1200/JCO.1995.13.10.2600

10.1038/bjc.1996.294

Blay JY, 1992, Serum level of interleukin 6 as a prognosis factor in metastatic renal cell carcinoma, Cancer Res, 52, 3317

10.1002/1097-0142(19950415)75:8<2077::AID-CNCR2820750808>3.0.CO;2-9

10.1080/01635589809514722

10.1207/S15327914NC352_2

10.1093/jn/124.6.906

10.1152/ajpendo.2000.279.3.E707

10.1097/SPC.0b013e3283311d09

10.1016/S1072-7515(03)00382-X

10.1097/00075197-200205000-00002

Tisdale MJ, 2003, The ‘cancer cachectic factor’, Support Care Canc, 11, 73, 10.1007/s00520-002-0408-6

10.1079/NRR200488

10.1093/jnci/89.23.1763

10.1207/S15327914NC402_7

10.1093/jnci/80.8.595

Todorov PT Cariuk P McDevitt TM Coles B Fearon KCH Tisdale MJ. Characterization of a cancer cachectic factor. Nature. 1996;.

10.1074/jbc.272.19.12279

10.1046/j.1365-2168.2000.01317.x

10.1152/physiol.00019.2005

10.1054/bjoc.2001.1879

10.1038/bjc.1997.433

Watchorn TM, 2001, Proteolysis-inducing factor regulates hepatic gene expression via the transcription factors NF-(kappa)B and STAT3, FASEB J, 15, 562, 10.1096/fj.00-0534fje

10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-0021

10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-0946

10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-0435

10.1177/39.9.1918940

Hale LP, 2001, Zinc alpha-2-glycoprotein is expressed by malignant prostatic epithelium and may serve as a potential serum marker for prostate cancer, Clin Cancer Res, 7, 846

10.1016/0959-8049(93)90068-Q

10.1111/j.1365-2796.2011.02441.x

10.1054/bjoc.2001.1834

Tisdale MJ. Mechanisms of cancer cachexia. Physiol Rev. 2009;89:381–410.

Bandyopadhyay U, 1999, Reactive oxygen species: oxidative damage and pathogenesis, Curr Sci, 77, 658

10.1097/MCO.0b013e328302f3fe

10.1016/j.febslet.2005.02.017

10.1016/j.cellsig.2007.04.003

10.1073/pnas.0931260100

10.1016/j.biocel.2006.07.001

10.1007/s13539-011-0037-3

10.1189/jlb.1206735

10.1042/BJ20041835

10.1089/ars.2008.2220

10.1038/sj.mn.7800136

10.1172/JCI40124

10.1067/mhj.2001.114367

10.3329/jsr.v1i2.2295

Smith JK, 1989, Role of xanthine oxidase in postischemic microvascular injury in skeletal muscle, Am J Physiol, 257, H1782

10.1016/j.canlet.2004.12.005

10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.04.002

10.1113/jphysiol.1997.sp021855

10.1007/s00109-003-0476-1

10.1016/S0039-6060(99)70131-5

10.1054/bjoc.2001.1696

10.1006/cyto.2002.1036

10.1097/00075197-200207000-00011

Costelli P, 2003, Mechanisms of skeletal muscle depletion in wasting syndromes: role of ATP-ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis, Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care, 6, 407, 10.1097/01.mco.0000078984.18774.02

10.1083/jcb.200901052

10.1002/ijc.26298

10.1007/s10654-005-5458-x

10.1093/ije/dyl224

10.1097/PHM.0b013e31802ba53c

10.1002/cncr.10245

10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a015229

10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-1525

10.1097/01.SLA.0000055225.96357.71

10.1038/sj.bjc.6602780

10.1016/j.biocel.2004.10.017

10.1038/sj.bjc.6602402

10.1152/ajpregu.2001.280.5.R1518

10.1152/physrev.00027.2001

10.1073/pnas.95.21.12602

10.1126/science.1065874

10.1096/fj.03-0610com

Muscaritoli M, 2006, Cachexia and wasting: a modern approach

10.1016/j.jbspin.2007.04.019

10.1006/bbrc.1999.1987

10.1007/s00520-005-0787-6

Wiedenmann B, 2008, A multicenter, phase II study of infliximab plus gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer cachexia, J Support Oncol, 6, 18

10.1016/j.lungcan.2009.06.020

10.1002/mus.21893

10.1042/CS20010270

10.1016/j.lungcan.2011.09.012

10.1083/jcb.201006098

10.1016/j.febslet.2010.01.056

10.1097/01.mco.0000134366.07148.2e

10.1152/ajpendo.00073.2004

10.1038/bjc.1997.463

10.1002/bjs.1800820233

10.1038/sj.bjc.6690077

Lundholm K, 1994, Anti-inflammatory treatment may prolong survival in undernourished patients with metastatic solid tumors, Cancer Res, 54, 5602

10.1038/bjc.1995.300

10.1097/SPC.0b013e32830f47e4

10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0538

10.1634/theoncologist.2009-0153

10.1634/theoncologist.2009-0290

10.1016/j.clnu.2011.10.005

Burns CP, 1999, Phase I clinical study of fish oil fatty acid capsules for patients with cancer cachexia: cancer and leukemia group B study 9473, Clin Cancer Res, 5, 3942

10.1007/s11745-001-0726-4

10.1002/cncr.25933

10.1016/0899-9007(95)00078-X

Wigmore SJ, 1997, Down-regulation of the acute-phase response in patients with pancreatic cancer cachexia receiving oral eicosapentaenoic acid is mediated via suppression of interleukin-6, Clin Sci, 92, 215, 10.1042/cs0920215

10.1155/2011/601434

10.1023/A:1022970609579

10.1038/sj.bjc.6601132

10.1038/nature07959

Whitehouse AS, 2001, Mechanism of attenuation of skeletal muscle protein catabolism in cancer cachexia by eicosapentaenoic acid, Cancer Res, 61, 3604

10.1207/S15327914NC3602_6

10.1200/JCO.2004.06.024

10.1002/tox.20546

10.1038/sj.bjc.6602404

10.1042/CS19990273

10.1093/jn/129.6.1120

10.1002/cncr.20817

Tiryaki-Sönmez G, 2011, Omega-3 fatty acids and exercise: a review of their combined effects on body composition and physical performance, Biomed Hum Kinet, 3, 23, 10.2478/v10101-011-0007-4

10.1007/s13539-011-0028-4

10.1124/pr.58.1.6

10.1016/j.cardfail.2009.06.381

10.2165/00003088-200746080-00001

10.1016/0006-2952(81)90094-0

von Haehling S Morley JE Coats AJ Anker SD. Ethical guidelines for authorship and publishing in theJournal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2010;1:7–8.