Kêu gọi Nghiên cứu về Can thiệp của Người chứng kiến nhằm Ngăn chặn Bạo lực Tình dục: Vai trò của Môi trường trong Khuôn viên

American Journal of Community Psychology - Tập 55 - Trang 472-489 - 2015
Sarah McMahon1
1Center on Violence Against Women and Children, School of Social Work, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, USA

Tóm tắt

Một bước đi quan trọng tiếp theo cho lĩnh vực này là xác định những yếu tố cấp độ môi trường nào ngoài cá nhân là thiết yếu để thúc đẩy môi trường trong khuôn viên trường hỗ trợ hành động can thiệp của người chứng kiến mang tính xã hội và hữu ích nhằm ngăn ngừa bạo lực tình dục. Do đó, mục đích của bài báo này là cung cấp một chương trình nghiên cứu để điều tra các lĩnh vực chính của môi trường trong khuôn viên và ảnh hưởng tiềm năng của chúng đến hành động can thiệp của người chứng kiến. Để tạo ra chương trình nghiên cứu, một số bước đã được thực hiện bao gồm: (1) xem xét hệ thống tài liệu về người chứng kiến để xác định các lĩnh vực môi trường chính, (2) đánh giá nghiên cứu nào có sẵn liên quan đến khuôn viên trường đại học và tấn công tình dục trong mỗi lĩnh vực này, và (3) phác thảo nghiên cứu tương lai để giải quyết từng lĩnh vực này trên khuôn viên trường đại học và xác định tính ứng dụng của chúng trong các tình huống bạo lực tình dục. Năm nhóm yếu tố chính đã được tìm thấy ảnh hưởng đến hành động can thiệp của người chứng kiến ngoài các cấp độ cá nhân, nhóm và tình huống, bao gồm: chuẩn xã hội, cảm nhận cộng đồng, mô hình tích cực xã hội, các chính sách và môi trường vật lý. Một số lĩnh vực nghiên cứu về ảnh hưởng môi trường đối với hành động can thiệp của người chứng kiến đã được phát triển hơn như chuẩn xã hội, trong khi rất ít nghiên cứu về các lĩnh vực như chính sách và môi trường vật lý. Tuy nhiên, cần có thêm nghiên cứu trong từng lĩnh vực đã được xác định để giúp xác định cách các khuôn viên trường đại học có thể hỗ trợ hành động can thiệp của người chứng kiến.

Từ khóa

#can thiệp của người chứng kiến #bạo lực tình dục #môi trường khuôn viên #chuẩn xã hội #chính sách #mô hình tích cực xã hội

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