Cadmium toxicity investigated at the physiological and biophysical levels under environmentally relevant conditions using the aquatic model plant Ceratophyllum demersum

New Phytologist - Tập 210 Số 4 - Trang 1244-1258 - 2016
Elisa Andresen1,2, Sophie Kappel3, Hans‐Joachim Stärk4, Ulrike Riegger3, Jakub Borovec5,6, Jürgen Mattusch4, Andreas Heinz7, Christian E.H. Schmelzer7, Šárka Matoušková8, Bryan C. Dickinson9, Hendrik Küpper1,2,10
1Department of Biology University of Konstanz Konstanz D‐78457 Germany
2Department of Plant Biophysics and Biochemistry Institute of Plant Molecular Biology Biology Centre of the CAS Branišovská 31/1160 České Budějovice CZ‐37005 Czech Republic
3Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz D-78457, Germany
4Department of Analytical Chemistry UFZ – Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Permoserstr. 15 Leipzig D‐04318 Germany
5Department of Ecosystem Biology Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia Branišovská 1760 České Budějovice CZ‐37005 Czech Republic
6Department of Hydrochemistry and Ecosystem Modelling Institute of Hydrobiology Biology Centre of the CAS Na Sádkách 7 České Budějovice CZ‐37005 Czech Republic
7Institute of Pharmacy Martin‐Luther‐Universität Halle‐Wittenberg Wolfgang‐Langenbeck‐Str. 4 Halle (Saale) D‐06120 Germany
8Institute of Geology of the CAS Rozvojová 269 Praha 6 – Lysolaje CZ‐16500 Czech Republic
9Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, GCIS E 319A, 929 E. 57th St., Chicago, IL, 60637 USA
10Faculty of Biological Science University of South Bohemia Branišovská 31/1160 České Budějovice CZ‐37005 Czech Republic

Tóm tắt

Summary Cadmium (Cd) is an important environmental pollutant and is poisonous to most organisms. We aimed to unravel the mechanisms of Cd toxicity in the model water plant Ceratophyllum demersum exposed to low (nM) concentrations of Cd as are present in nature. Experiments were conducted under environmentally relevant conditions, including nature‐like light and temperature cycles, and a low biomass to water ratio. We measured chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence kinetics, oxygen exchange, the concentrations of reactive oxygen species and pigments, metal binding to proteins, and the accumulation of starch and metals. The inhibition threshold concentration for most parameters was 20 nM. Below this concentration, hardly any stress symptoms were observed. The first site of inhibition was photosynthetic light reactions (the maximal quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) reaction centre measured as Fv/Fm, light‐acclimated PSII activity ΦPSII, and total Chl). Trimers of the PSII light‐harvesting complexes (LHCIIs) decreased more than LHC monomers and detection of Cd in the monomers suggested replacement of magnesium (Mg) by Cd in the Chl molecules. As a consequence of dysfunctional photosynthesis and energy dissipation, reactive oxygen species (superoxide and hydrogen peroxide) appeared. Cadmium had negative effects on macrophytes at much lower concentrations than reported previously, emphasizing the importance of studies applying environmentally relevant conditions. A chain of inhibition events could be established.

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New Phytologist

Tập 210 Số 4

1244-1258

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