Burnout and Engagement in University Students

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology - Tập 33 Số 5 - Trang 464-481 - 2002
Wilmar B. Schaufeli1, Isabel M. Martínez2, Alexandra Marqués Pinto3, Marisa Salanova2, Arnold B. Bakker1
1Utrecht U, Utrecht, Netherlands
2Jaume I University
3U Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal

Tóm tắt

This study examines burnout and engagement—the hypothesized opposite of burnout—in university students from Spain ( n = 623), Portugal ( n = 727), and the Netherlands ( n = 311). Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the expected three-factor structures of the adapted versions of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) for students (including Exhaustion, Cynicism, and Reduced Efficacy) and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) for students (including Vigor, Dedication, and Absorption) fitted to the data of each sample. However, a rigorous test revealed that most factor loadings of the MBI were not invariant across all samples. Results with the UWES were slightly better, indicating invariance of factor loadings of Absorption in all samples and of Vigor in two of the three samples. Furthermore, as hypothesized, the burnout and engagement subscales were negatively correlated. Finally, irrespective of country, Efficacy and Vigor were positively related to academic performance, that is, the number of passed exams relative to the total number of exams in the previous term.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

10.1177/001316449205200121

Arbuckle, J. L., 1997, Amos users’guide version 4.0

Bakker, A. B., Anxiety, Stress, and Coping

10.2466/pms.1996.83.1.21

10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238

10.1207/s15327906mbr2404_4

Byrne, B. M., 2001, Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications and programming

Cohen, L., 1982, Statistics for the social sciences

Csikszentmihalyi, M., 1990, Flow: The psychology of optimal experience

Cudeck, R., 1993, Testing structural equation models, 1

10.5271/sjweh.615

10.1080/10615809208248370

Enzmann, D., 1995, Health workers and AIDS: Research, interventions and current issues, 131

10.2466/pr0.1991.68.3.963

Gil-Monte, P. R., 1999, Psicothema, 11, 679

10.1207/s15327906mbr2802_3

10.1177/0013164485454022

10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(199903)20:2<209::AID-JOB984>3.0.CO;2-Y

Green, D. E., 1991, Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 6, 453

Hoyle, R. H., 1995, Structural equation modeling, concepts, issues, and applications, 1

10.1080/02678379708256826

10.1037/0021-9010.81.2.123

10.1080/10615809608249404

10.1002/j.2161-1912.1990.tb00433.x

10.1037/0033-2909.111.3.490

10.11560/jahp.10.2_44

10.1002/job.4030020205

Maslach, C., 1996, Maslach Burnout Inventory: Test manual, 3

Maslach, C., 1997, The truth about burnout

10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.397

McCarthy, M. E., 1990, Journal of College Student Development, 31, 211

Newby, F. E., 1997, Psychology: A Journal of Human Behavior, 34, 61

Nowack, K. M., 1983, Journal of College Student Personnel, 24, 545

Nunnaly, J. C., 1994, Psychometric theory, 3

10.1080/014492900750000081

Salanova, M., 2001, Revista de Psicología del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones, 16, 117

10.1177/0013164494054003027

Schaufeli, W. B., 1998, The burnout companion to study and practice: A critical analysis

10.1177/0022022194251006

Schaufeli, W. B., 1996, The Maslach Burnout Inventory—Test manual, 3

Schaufeli, W. B., Journal of Happiness Studies

10.1002/job.4030140703

10.1348/096317900166877

10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.5

10.1111/j.1467-9450.1996.tb00675.x

Stevens, J., 1996, Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences, 3

10.1046/j.1365-2923.1999.00294.x

Tan, A. G., 1994, Thoku Psychologica Folia, 53, 64

10.1002/(SICI)1097-4679(199801)54:1<55::AID-JCLP6>3.0.CO;2-T

10.1080/026783799296039

10.1007/BF02291170

10.1023/A:1021940321129