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Các Ứng Dụng Công Nghệ Sinh Học của Probiotics: Một Vũ Khí Đa Dạng Chống Lại Bệnh Tật và Rối Loạn Chuyển Hóa
Tóm tắt
Việc tiêu thụ các vi sinh vật sống "Probiotics" nhằm cải thiện sức khỏe và sự an lạc đang gia tăng trên toàn cầu. Việc sử dụng chúng như một phương pháp điều trị để mang lại lợi ích cho sức khỏe đã làm cho con người say mê trong nhiều thế kỷ; tuy nhiên, khái niệm này dần dần phát triển cùng với sự tiến bộ về phương pháp, từ đó cải thiện hiểu biết của chúng ta về sự tương tác giữa probiotics và vật chủ. Tuy nhiên, mối quan ngại ngày càng tăng về các khía cạnh an toàn của vi sinh vật sống đang làm gia tăng mối quan tâm đối với các chế phẩm không sống hoặc chiết xuất tế bào vi sinh, vì chúng có thể giảm thiểu nguy cơ dịch chuyển và nhiễm trùng của vi sinh vật. Do những hạn chế kỹ thuật trong sản xuất và công thức của các probiotics được sử dụng truyền thống, cộng đồng khoa học đã tập trung vào việc khám phá các vi sinh vật mới để sử dụng làm probiotics. Trong nhiều nghiên cứu khoa học, probiotics đã được chứng minh là công cụ tiềm năng để điều trị các rối loạn chuyển hóa như béo phì, tiểu đường type-2, bệnh gan nhiễm mỡ không do rượu, các rối loạn tiêu hóa (ví dụ: tiêu chảy cấp tính và tiêu chảy liên quan đến kháng sinh), và các rối loạn dị ứng (ví dụ: bệnh chàm) ở trẻ em. Tuy nhiên, cái nhìn cơ chế về hành động cụ thể của dòng probiotics vẫn còn chưa được biết đến. Trong bài đánh giá hiện tại, chúng tôi đã phân tích tình trạng khoa học tiên tiến liên quan đến cơ chế hành động của probiotics, tác động sinh lý và điều hòa miễn dịch của chúng đối với vật chủ, và hướng phát triển mới trong việc phát triển probiotics thế hệ tiếp theo. Chúng tôi thảo luận về việc sử dụng các công cụ di truyền mới được phát hiện gần đây và ứng dụng của chúng trong việc thiết kế các vi khuẩn probiotics cho nhiều ứng dụng khác nhau bao gồm thực phẩm, ứng dụng y sinh và các lợi ích sức khỏe khác. Cuối cùng, bài đánh giá đề cập đến sự phát triển trong tương lai của các kỹ thuật sinh học kết hợp với các nghiên cứu lâm sàng và tiền lâm sàng nhằm giải thích cơ chế phân tử của hành động, và khám phá một loài vi khuẩn probiotics đa chức năng lý tưởng.
Từ khóa
#Probiotics #vi sinh vật sống #sức khỏe #rối loạn chuyển hóa #điều hòa miễn dịch #ứng dụng sinh họcTài liệu tham khảo
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