Biosorption of Heavy Metals

Biotechnology Progress - Tập 11 Số 3 - Trang 235-250 - 1995
Bohumil Volesky1, Z. Holan
1Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada

Tóm tắt

Abstract

Only within the past decade has the potential of metal biosorption by biomass materials been well established. For economic reasons, of particular interest are abundant biomass types generated as a waste byproduct of large‐scale industrial fermentations or certain metal‐binding algae found in large quantities in the sea. These biomass types serve as a basis for newly developed metal biosorption processes foreseen particularly as a very competitive means for the detoxification of metal‐bearing industrial effluents. The assessment of the metal‐binding capacity of some new biosorbents is discussed. Lead and cadmium, for instance, have been effectively removed from very dilute solutions by the dried biomass of some ubiquitous species of brown marine algae such as Ascophyllum and Sargassum, which accumulate more than 30% of biomass dry weight in the metal. Mycelia of the industrial steroid‐transforming fungi Rhizopus and Absidia are excellent biosorbents for lead, cadmium, copper, zinc, and uranium and also bind other heavy metals up to 25% of the biomass dry weight. Biosorption isotherm curves, derived from equilibrium batch sorption experiments, are used in the evaluation of metal uptake by different biosorbents. Further studies are focusing on the assessment of biosorbent performance in dynamic continuous‐flow sorption systems. In the course of this work, new methodologies are being developed that are aimed at mathematical modeling of biosorption systems and their effective optimization. Elucidation of mechanisms active in metal biosorption is essential for successful exploitation of the phenomenon and for regeneration of biosorbent materials in multiple reuse cycles. The complex nature of biosorbent materials makes this task particularly challenging. Discussion focuses on the composition of marine algae polysaccharide structures, which seem instrumental in metal uptake and binding. The state of the art in the field of biosorption is reviewed in this article, with many references to recent reviews and key individual contributions.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Adams B. A., 1935, Adsorptive properties of synthetic resins. I, J. Soc. Chem. Ind., 54, 1

10.1177/004051756203200606

Aval G. M., 1991, Removal of lead and copper ions from wastewaters by saw dust, Iran J. Chem. Eng., 10, 21

Bedell G. W., 1990, Biosorption of Heavy Metals, 313

Beveridge T. J., 1986, Biotechnology and Bioengineering Symposium No. 16: Biotechnology for the Mining, Metal‐Refining, and Fossil Fuel Processing Industries, 127

Brady D., 1993, Biohydrometallurgical Technologies, 711

Brierley C. L., 1990, Microbial Mineral Recovery, 303

Brierley J. A., 1990, Biosorplion of Heavy Metals, 305

Brierley J. A., 1988, BioHydroMetallurgy: Proceedings of the International Symposium, 477

Brierley C. L., 1993, Biohydrometallurgical Technologies, 35

Brierley J. L., 1986, Fundamental and Applied Biohydrometallurgy, 291

Brierley J. A.;Brierley C. L.;Decker R. F.;Goyak G. M.Metal recovery. U. S. Patent 4 789 481 1988.

Britton H. T. S., 1943, The application of electrometric methods to the study of some ionic reactions, Ann. Rep. Prog. Chem., 40, 43

Bryant P. S., 1992, Sorption of heavy metals by untreated red fir dust, Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol, 34, 778

10.1016/S0007-1536(83)80053-9

10.1080/00032719208018528

Chapman A. R. O., 1978, CRC Handbook of Microbiology, 381

Chapman A. R. O., 1978, CRC Handbook of Microbiology, 401

Cotoras D., 1993, Biohydrometallurgical Technologies, 103

10.1021/es00172a002

10.1021/es00073a008

10.1021/es00027a007

Darnall D. W., 1991, Removal and recovery of heavy metals from wastewaters using a new biosorbent AlgaSORB, Innovative Hazard. Waste Treat. Technol. Ser., 3, 65

Darnall D. W., 1988, BioHydroMetallurgy, 487

10.1021/bp00031a005

10.1002/bit.260320103

10.1007/BF00211001

10.1002/bit.260280105

Gadd G. M., 1988, BioHydroMetallurgy: Proceedings of the International Symposium, 421

Gai Z., 1981, Microbial hydroxylation of 6a‐methyl‐17a‐hydroxyprogesterone and 6a‐methyl‐17a‐hydroxy‐ll‐deoxycorticosterone‐21‐acetate, YaoxueXuebao, 26, 342

1982, Chem. Abstr., 97, 90333

10.1021/es00079a011

Gee A. R., 1988, BioHydroMetallurgy: Proceedings of the International Symposium, 437

Greene B., 1990, Microbial Metal Recovery

10.1099/00221287-51-1-145

10.3891/acta.chem.scand.19-0341

10.1016/S0008-6215(00)82100-X

10.1002/jctb.5010091106

10.1002/bit.260431102

Holan Z. R.;Volesky B.Accumulation of cadmium lead and nickel by fungal and wood biosorbents. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol.1995(in press).

10.1002/bit.260410808

10.1016/S0020-1693(00)86339-2

Jilek R.;Prochazka H.;Kuhr I.;Fuska J.;Nemec P.;Katzer J.Removing uranium from mine waters and wastes from hydrometallurgical processes. Czechslovakian Patent 155 830 1971.

Jilek R., 1975, Properties and development of cultivated biological sorbent, Rudy (Prague), 23, 282

Jilek R., 1978, Biologicky sorbent pro dekontaminaci vod od uranu, Biologia (Bratislava, Czechoslovakia), 33, 201

Khalid A. M., 1993, Biohydrometallurgical Technologies, 299

Khalid A. M., 1993, Biohydrometallurgical Technologies, 309

Khangan V. W., 1992, Effectiveness of Terminalia bellirica bark for scavenging zinc ions, Chem. Environ. Res., 1, 87

10.1016/0141-8130(86)90060-7

Kuyucak N., 1988, BioHydroMetallurgy: Proceedings of the International Symposium, 453

10.1002/bit.260330703

Kuyucak N., 1989, Accumulation of gold by algal biosorbent, Biorecovery, 1, 189

10.1002/bit.260330704

Kuyucak N., 1989, The elution of gold sequestered on a natural biosorbent, Biorecovery, 1, 205

10.1002/bit.260330705

Kuyucak N., 1989, The mechanism of gold biosorption, Biorecovery, 1, 219

Kuyucak N., 1990, Biosorption of Heavy Metals, 173

Levenspiel O., 1972, Chemical Reaction Engineering

10.1080/09593338809384661

10.1007/BF00167924

10.1016/0031-9422(90)85163-A

10.1002/jctb.280490408

10.1126/science.1496397

10.1007/BF01199858

Macaskie L. E., 1988, BioHydroMetallurgy: Proceedings of the International Symposium, 556

10.1021/es00079a002

Mattuschka B., 1993, Biohydrometallurgical Technologies, 125

10.1016/0038-0717(92)90268-3

Muzzarelli R. A. A., 1972, Chitin

Nemec P.;Prochazka H.;Stamberg K;Katzer J.;Stamberg J.;Jilek R.;Hulak P.Process of treating mycelia of fungi for retention of metals. U. S. Patent 4 021 368 1977.

10.1007/BF00040289

10.1002/bit.260420615

Paknikar K. M., 1993, Biohydrometallurgical Technologies, 237

Paknikar K. M., 1993, Biohydrometallurgical Technologies, 229

10.1039/jr9610000029

Percival E., 1967, Chemistry and Enzymology of Marine Algal Polysaccharides

Prasetyo I.Removal of toxic metals from aqueous solutions by biosorption. M. Eng. Thesis McGill University Montreal Canada 1992.

10.1016/0003-9861(69)90291-4

10.1016/B978-0-08-092533-2.50004-1

Reischl G., 1993, Biological treatment of chromium and COD‐polluted wastewater from the leather industry, Leder (Ger.), 44, 172

Remade J., 1990, Biosorption of Heavy Metals, 83

Ruthven D. M., 1984, Principles of Adsorption and Adsorption Processes

10.1016/0269-7483(90)90078-7

10.1002/app.1992.070440518

10.1007/BF00464770

10.1007/BF00170747

Skryabin G. K., 1987, Methods in Enzymology, 198

Stamberg K.;Katzer J.;Prochazka H.;Jilek R.;Nemec P.;Hulak P.Canadian Patent 1 009 600 1977.

10.1016/0008-6215(91)80129-B

Stuetz R. M., 1993, Biohydrometallurgical Technologies, 85

10.1135/cccc19921393

10.1128/AEM.47.4.821-824.1984

Townsley C. C., 1986, Fundamental and Applied Biohydrometallurgy, 279

Treen‐Sears M.Biosorption of the Uranyl Ion by Rhizopus. M. Eng. Thesis McGill University Montreal Canada 1981.

Tsezos M.Biosorption of Uranium and Thorium. Ph. D. Thesis McGill University Montreal Canada 1980.

Tsezos M., 1990, Microbial Mineral Recovery, 325

10.1002/bit.260230309

10.1002/bit.260240415

10.1002/bit.260240211

10.1016/0039-9140(86)80056-X

10.1016/0008-6215(83)88318-9

Venkobachar C., 1990, Metal removal by waste biomass to upgrade wastewater treatment plants, Water Sci. Technol., 6, 319, 10.2166/wst.1990.0277

Volesky B., 1990, Biosorption of Heavy Metals, 139

Volesky B., 1990, Biosorption of Heavy Metals, 7

Volesky B.;Tsezos M.Separation of Uranium by Biosorption. U. S. Patent 4 320 093 1981

Canadian Patent 1 143 007 1983.

Volesky B.;Kuyucak N.Biosorbent for Gold. U. S. Patent 4 769 233 1988.

10.1007/BF00171964

10.1002/bit.260431103

10.1111/j.1749-6632.1983.tb47906.x

10.1002/bit.260410809

Votapek V.;Marval E.;Stamberg K.;Jilek R.Treatment of biomasses especially fungal mycelia for metal separation by agglomeration. Ger. Offen. 2 611 801 1976.

Wang Y., 1991, Removal of heavy metal ions from water by water‐insoluble carboxyl‐containing grafted starch polymers, Water Treat., 6, 339

Weber W. J., 1975, MADAM I–A numeric method for design of adsorption systems, J. Water Pollut. Control Fed., 47, 924

10.1016/0008-6215(82)85030-1

Zhang L., 1990, Removal of dissolved heavy metals from industrial wastewater with improved insoluble starch xanthate, Water Treat., 5, 87

10.1002/jctb.280520305

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Biotechnology Progress

Tập 11 Số 3

235-250

Thông tin tác giả