Biology and pathology of Rho GTPase, PI‐3 kinase‐Akt, and MAP kinase signaling pathways in chondrocytes

Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - Tập 110 Số 3 - Trang 573-580 - 2010
Frank Beier1,2, Richard F. Loeser3
1Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario
2London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5C1
3Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157

Tóm tắt

AbstractChondrocytes provide the framework for the developing skeleton and regulate long‐bone growth through the activity of the growth plate. Chondrocytes in the articular cartilage, found at the ends of bones in diarthroidial joints, are responsible for maintenance of the tissue through synthesis and degradation of the extracellular matrix. The processes of growth, differentiation, cell death and matrix remodeling are regulated by a network of cell signaling pathways in response to a variety of extracellular stimuli. These stimuli consist of soluble ligands, including growth factors and cytokines, extracellular matrix proteins, and mechanical factors that act in concert to regulate chondrocyte function through a variety of canonical and non‐canonical signaling pathways. Key chondrocyte signaling pathways include, but are not limited to, the p38, JNK and ERK MAP kinases, the PI‐3 kinase‐Akt pathway, the Jak‐STAT pathway, Rho GTPases and Wnt‐β‐catenin and Smad pathways. Modulation of the activity of any of these pathways has been associated with various pathological states in cartilage. This review focuses on the Rho GTPases, the PI‐3 kinase‐Akt pathway, and some selected aspects of MAP kinase signaling. Most studies to date have examined these pathways in isolation but it is becoming clear that there is significant cross‐talk among the pathways and that the overall effects on chondrocyte function depend on the balance in activity of multiple signaling proteins. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 573–580, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Thông tin xuất bản

Journal of Cellular Biochemistry

Tập 110 Số 3

573-580

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