Biologic substances present in human colostrums demonstrate the evolution of this essential nutrient for growth and development: Insulin-like growth factor-I and prolactin

Ellis, 1996, Milk-borne prolactin and neonatal development, J. Mammary Gland Biol. Neoplasia, 1, 259, 10.1007/BF02018079 Neville, 2001, Physiology and endocrine changes underlying human lactogenesis II, J. Nutr., 131, 3005S, 10.1093/jn/131.11.3005S Hirai, 2002, Trophic effect of multiple growth factors in amniotic fluid or human milk on cultured human fetal small intestinal cells, J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr., 34, 524, 10.1097/00005176-200205000-00010 Wagner, 2000, Effect of human milk and recombinant EGF, TGFalpha, and IGF-1 on small intestinal cell proliferation, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 478, 373, 10.1007/0-306-46830-1_33 Kooijman, 1996, Prolactin, growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I in the immune system, Adv. Immunol., 63, 377, 10.1016/S0065-2776(08)60860-3 Clark, 1997, The somatogenetic hormones and insulin like growth factor-I: stimulators of lymphopoiesis and immune function, Endocr. Rev., 18, 157, 10.1210/er.18.2.157 Burrin, 1997, Is milk-borne insulin-like growth factor-I essential for neonatal development?, J. Nutr., 127, 975S, 10.1093/jn/127.5.975S Prosser, 1996, Insulin-like growth factor in milk and mammary gland, J. Mammary Gland Biol. Neoplasia, 1, 297, 10.1007/BF02018082 Ellis, 1997, Do milk-borne cytokines and hormones influence neonatal immune cell function?, J. Nutr., 127, 985S, 10.1093/jn/127.5.985S Suikkari, 1989, Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) and its low molecular weight binding protein in human milk, Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol., 30, 19, 10.1016/0028-2243(89)90089-0 Ho Yuen, 1988, Prolactin in human milk: the influence of nursing and the duration of postpartum lactation, Am. J. Obstet Gynecol., 158, 583, 10.1016/0002-9378(88)90032-4 Hennart, 1991, Lysozyme, lactoferrin, and secretory immunoglobulin A content in breast milk: influence of duration of lactation, nutrition status, prolactin status, and parity of mother, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 53, 32, 10.1093/ajcn/53.1.32 Chatterton, 2000, Relation of plasma oxitocin and prolactin concentrations to milk production in mothers of preterm infants: influence of stress, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 85, 3661, 10.1210/jc.85.10.3661 Diaz-Gomez, 1997, Breast-feeding and growth factors in preterm newborn infants, J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr., 24, 322, 10.1097/00005176-199703000-00016 Rauprich, 2000, Influence of feeding different amounts of first colostrum on metabolic, endocrine, and health status and on growth performance in neonatal calves, J. Anim. Sci., 78, 896, 10.2527/2000.784896x Farhadi, 2003, Intestinal barrier: an interface between health and disease, J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 18, 479, 10.1046/j.1440-1746.2003.03032.x Wold, 2000, Breast feeding and the intestinal microflora of the infant—implications for protection against infectious diseases, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 478, 77, 10.1007/0-306-46830-1_7 Pickering, 1998, Modulation of the immune system by human milk and infant formula containing nucleotides, Pediatrics, 101, 242, 10.1542/peds.101.2.242 Hanson LA. Breastfeeding provides passive and likely long-lasting active immunity. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1998;81(6):523-33; quiz 533-4, 537. Review. Erratum in: Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1999;82(5):478. Persson, 2002, Breast-feeding protects against celiac disease in childhood—epidemiological evidence, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 503, 115, 10.1007/978-1-4615-0559-4_13 Sanderson, 1998, Dietary regulation of genes expressed in the developing intestinal epithelium, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 68, 999, 10.1093/ajcn/68.5.999 Clark, 1993, Insulin-like growth factor stimulation of lymphocytes, J. Clin. Invest., 92, 540, 10.1172/JCI116621 Shimoda, 1997, Effects of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 on protein metabolism, gut morphology, and cell-mediated immunity in burned rats, Nutrition, 13, 540, 10.1016/S0899-9007(97)00033-6 de Mello Coelho, 2002, Functional insulin-like growth factor-1/insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor-mediated circuit in human and murine thymic epithelial cells, Neuroendocrinology, 75, 139, 10.1159/000048230 Cox, 1996, Blood and milk prolactin and the rate of milk synthesis in women, Exp. Physiol., 81, 1007, 10.1113/expphysiol.1996.sp003985 Bole-Feysot, 1998, Prolactin (PRL) and its receptor: actions, signal transduction pathways and phenotypes observed in PRL receptor knockout mice, Endocr. Rev., 19, 225, 10.1210/er.19.3.225 Malaguarnera, 2002, Significance of heme oxygenase in prolactin-mediated cell proliferation and angiogenesis in human endothelial cells, Int. J. Mol. Med., 10, 433 Grattan, 2002, Behavioural significance of prolactin signaling in the central nervous system during pregnancy and lactation, Reproduction, 123, 497, 10.1530/rep.0.1230497 Malaguarnera, 2004, Prolactin induces chitotriosidase gene expression in human monocyte-derived macrophages, Immunol. Lett., 94, 57, 10.1016/j.imlet.2004.03.009 Malaguarnera, 2004, Prolactin increases HO-1 expression and induces VEGF production in human macrophages, J. Cell. Biochem., 93, 197, 10.1002/jcb.20167 Cosman, 1990, A new cytokine receptor superfamily, Trends Biochem. Sci., 15, 265, 10.1016/0968-0004(90)90051-C Dogusan, 2001, Cytokine-like effects of prolactin in human mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, J. Neuroimmunol., 120, 58, 10.1016/S0165-5728(01)00420-9 Horseman, 1997, Defective mammopoiesis, but normal hematopoiesis, in mice with a targeted disruption of the prolactin gene, EMBO J., 16, 6926, 10.1093/emboj/16.23.6926 Bouchard, 1999, Immune system development and function in prolactin receptor–deficient mice, J. Immunol., 163, 576, 10.4049/jimmunol.163.2.576 Qin, 2004, Dynamic changes of enzyme activities and growth factors contents in human colostrums, Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi, 39, 449