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Các dấu hiệu sinh hóa và tế bào ở cá hồi nâu (Salmo trutta f. fario) phản ứng với các loại thuốc chống trầm cảm citalopram và venlafaxine
Tóm tắt
Trong những thập kỷ gần đây, số lượng trường hợp trầm cảm trên toàn thế giới đã gia tăng, đi kèm với tỷ lệ kê đơn thuốc chống trầm cảm gia tăng. Tại Đức, hai loại thuốc chống trầm cảm được kê đơn nhiều nhất là citalopram, một thuốc ức chế tái hấp thu serotonin có chọn lọc (SSRI) và venlafaxine, một thuốc ức chế tái hấp thu serotonin và noradrenalin (SNRI), chiếm khoảng 30% thị trường. Cả hai loại thuốc chống trầm cảm này thường được tìm thấy trong nước mặt và có khả năng ảnh hưởng tiêu cực đến sinh vật thủy sản. Hầu hết các nghiên cứu liên quan đến thuốc chống trầm cảm tập trung vào các điểm cuối cao cấp và hành vi, tuy nhiên, chỉ có một vài nghiên cứu điều tra về các dấu hiệu sinh hóa và những biến đổi mô học. Chúng tôi đã thực hiện các thí nghiệm phơi nhiễm citalopram và venlafaxine trong vòng 5 tháng, bắt đầu từ trứng cá hồi nâu ở giai đoạn trứng nhìn thấy, cũng như với cá hồi nâu vị thành niên trong khoảng 4 tuần. Nồng độ phơi nhiễm dao động từ 1 µg/L, phù hợp với môi trường cho đến 1 mg/L. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi đã điều tra các hiệu ứng của các loại thuốc chống trầm cảm đối với hoạt động b-esterase (độc tính thần kinh), mức độ protein dưới stress (độc tính protein) và hoạt động men superoxide dismutase (stress oxy hóa). Ngoài ra, chúng tôi đánh giá tình trạng sức khỏe của gan thông qua các phân tích mô học. Chúng tôi đã chứng minh rằng cả hai loại thuốc chống trầm cảm đều không gây ra hiệu ứng độc tính protein hay độc tính thần kinh ở cá hồi nâu. Tuy nhiên, đối với venlafaxine, dấu hiệu sinh hóa cho stress oxy hóa (hoạt động men superoxide dismutase) đã tăng đáng kể ở ấu trùng được phơi nhiễm ít nhất 10 µg/L venlafaxine ở 7 °C. Về mô học gan, cá được phơi nhiễm ở nồng độ citalopram cao hơn có tình trạng sức khỏe tồi tệ hơn so với cá đối chứng, không phụ thuộc vào giai đoạn sống của chúng. Ngoài ra, lượng năng lượng dự trữ của cá được phơi nhiễm 1 mg/L citalopram đã giảm. Do đó, chúng tôi báo cáo những biến đổi mô học phụ thuộc vào citalopram ở gan cá hồi nâu và sự kích thích stress oxy hóa bởi venlafaxine.
Từ khóa
#trầm cảm #citalopram #venlafaxine #cá hồi nâu #độc tính #stress oxy hóaTài liệu tham khảo
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