Bio‐ORACLE v2.0: Extending marine data layers for bioclimatic modelling
Tóm tắt
The availability of user‐friendly, high‐resolution global environmental datasets is crucial for bioclimatic modelling. For terrestrial environments, WorldClim has served this purpose since 2005, but equivalent marine data only became available in 2012, with pioneer initiatives like Bio‐ORACLE providing data layers for several ecologically relevant variables. Currently, the available marine data packages have not yet been updated to the most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predictions nor to present times, and are mostly restricted to the top surface layer of the oceans, precluding the modelling of a large fraction of the benthic diversity that inhabits deeper habitats. To address this gap, we present a significant update of Bio‐ORACLE for new future climate scenarios, present‐day conditions and benthic layers (near sea bottom). The reliability of data layers was assessed using a cross‐validation framework against in situ quality‐controlled data. This test showed a generally good agreement between our data layers and the global climatic patterns. We also provide a package of functions in the R software environment (
Surface and benthic layers for water temperature, salinity, nutrients, chlorophyll, sea ice, current velocity, phytoplankton, primary productivity, iron and light at bottom.
Global at 5 arcmin (
Present (2000–2014) and future (2040–2050 and 2090–2100) environmental conditions based on monthly averages.
Marine biodiversity associated with sea surface and epibenthic habitats.
ASCII and TIFF grid formats for geographical information systems and a package of functions developed for R software.
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Assis J., 2017, Projected climate changes threaten ancient refugia of kelp forests in the North Atlantic, Global Change Biology
Chefaoui R. M., 2015, Large‐scale prediction of seagrass distribution integrating landscape metrics and environmental factors: The case of Cymodocea nodosa (Mediterranean–Atlantic), Estuaries and Coasts, 123
Fautin D. G. &Buddemeier R. W.(2008).Biogeoinformatics of the hexacorals. Retrieved fromhttp://www.kgs.ku.edu/Hexacoral/
GEBCO, 2015, General bathymetric chart of the oceans
Kaschner K. Kesner‐Reyes K. Garilao C. Rius‐Barile J. Rees T. &Froese R.(2008).AquaMaps: Predicted range maps for aquatic species. Retrieved fromhttp://www.aquamaps.org
Levitus S., 2001, World ocean atlas
Peterson A. T. T., 2011, Horn monographs
R Development Core Team, 2016, R: A language and environment for statistical computing
Wilby R. L., 2004, Guidelines for use of climate scenarios developed from statistical downscaling methods. IPCC Task Group on data and scenario support for impact and climate analysis (TGICA)