Berberine and Its More Biologically Available Derivative, Dihydroberberine, Inhibit Mitochondrial Respiratory Complex I

Diabetes - Tập 57 Số 5 - Trang 1414-1418 - 2008
Nigel Turner1, Jing-Ya Li1,2, Alison K. Gosby1, Sabrina Wai-Chi To1, Zhe Cheng2, Hiroyuki Miyoshi3, Makoto M. Taketo3, Gregory J. Cooney1, Edward W. Kraegen1, David E. James1, Li-Hong Hu2, Jia Li2, Ji-Ming Ye1
1Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
2Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
3Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

Tóm tắt

OBJECTIVE—Berberine (BBR) activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and improves insulin sensitivity in rodent models of insulin resistance. We investigated the mechanism of activation of AMPK by BBR and explored whether derivatization of BBR could improve its in vivo efficacy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—AMPK phosphorylation was examined in L6 myotubes and LKB1−/− cells, with or without the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase (CAMKK) inhibitor STO-609. Oxygen consumption was measured in L6 myotubes and isolated muscle mitochondria. The effect of a BBR derivative, dihydroberberine (dhBBR), on adiposity and glucose metabolism was examined in rodents fed a high-fat diet. RESULTS—We have made the following novel observations: 1) BBR dose-dependently inhibited respiration in L6 myotubes and muscle mitochondria, through a specific effect on respiratory complex I, similar to that observed with metformin and rosiglitazone; 2) activation of AMPK by BBR did not rely on the activity of either LKB1 or CAMKKβ, consistent with major regulation at the level of the AMPK phosphatase; and 3) a novel BBR derivative, dhBBR, was identified that displayed improved in vivo efficacy in terms of counteracting increased adiposity, tissue triglyceride accumulation, and insulin resistance in high-fat–fed rodents. This effect is likely due to enhanced oral bioavailability. CONCLUSIONS—Complex I of the respiratory chain represents a major target for compounds that improve whole-body insulin sensitivity through increased AMPK activity. The identification of a novel derivative of BBR with improved in vivo efficacy highlights the potential importance of BBR as a novel therapy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

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Thông tin xuất bản

Diabetes

Tập 57 Số 5

1414-1418

Thông tin tác giả