Autophagy in tumour suppression and promotion

Molecular Oncology - Tập 3 Số 4 - Trang 366-375 - 2009
Andreas Brech1,2, Terje Ahlquist1,3, Ragnhild A. Lothe1,3, Harald Stenmark1,2
1Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
2Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
3Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute for Cancer Research, the Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, N-0310 Oslo, Norway

Tóm tắt

Autophagy, a well‐described cellular mechanism for lysosomal degradation of cytoplasmic content, has emerged as a tumour suppression pathway. Recent evidence indicates that the tumour suppressor function of autophagy is mediated by scavenging of damaged oxidative organelles, thereby preventing accumulation of toxic oxygen radicals that would cause genome instability. Paradoxically, however, in some cases autophagy can also promote the survival of cancer cells once tumours have developed. This is attributed to the ability of autophagy to promote cell survival under conditions of poor nutrient supply, as often faced by solid tumours and metastasising cancer cells. In addition, autophagy is frequently upregulated in tumours as a response to therapy and may protect tumours against therapy‐induced apoptosis. In this review we discuss the mechanisms that link autophagy to tumour suppression and promotion and provide examples of the dual functions of autophagy in cancer.

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Molecular Oncology

Tập 3 Số 4

366-375

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