Associations between dietary patterns, FTO genotype and obesity in adults from seven European countries

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 61 - Trang 2953-2965 - 2022
Katherine M. Livingstone1, Barbara Brayner1, Carlos Celis-Morales2,3, George Moschonis4, Yannis Manios4, Iwona Traczyk5, Christian A. Drevon6, Hannelore Daniel7, Wim H. M. Saris8, Julie A. Lovegrove9, Mike Gibney10, Eileen R. Gibney10, Lorraine Brennan10, J. Alfredo Martinez11, John C. Mathers12
1Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
2BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical, Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
3Human Performance Lab, Education, Physical Activity and Health Research Unit, University Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
4Department of Dietetics, Nutrition and Sport, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
5Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
6Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
7Molecular Nutrition Unit, Department Food and Nutrition, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
8Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
9Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
10UCD Institute of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Republic of Ireland
11Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA-Food Institute, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
12Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

Tóm tắt

High-fat and low-fibre discretionary food intake and FTO genotype are each associated independently with higher risk of obesity. However, few studies have investigated links between obesity and dietary patterns based on discretionary food intake, and the interaction effect of FTO genotype are unknown. Thus, this study aimed to derive dietary patterns based on intake of discretionary foods, saturated fatty acids (SFA) and fibre, and examine cross-sectional associations with BMI and waist circumference (WC), and interaction effects of FTO genotype. Baseline data on 1280 adults from seven European countries were included (the Food4Me study). Dietary intake was estimated from a Food Frequency Questionnaire. Reduced rank regression was used to derive three dietary patterns using response variables of discretionary foods, SFA and fibre density. DNA was extracted from buccal swabs. Anthropometrics were self-measured. Linear regression analyses were used to examine associations between dietary patterns and BMI and WC, with an interaction for FTO genotype. Dietary pattern 1 (positively correlated with discretionary foods and SFA, and inversely correlated with fibre) was associated with higher BMI (β:0.64; 95% CI 0.44, 0.84) and WC (β:1.58; 95% CI 1.08, 2.07). There was limited evidence dietary pattern 2 (positively correlated with discretionary foods and SFA) and dietary pattern 3 (positively correlated with SFA and fibre) were associated with anthropometrics. FTO risk genotype was associated with higher BMI and WC, with no evidence of a dietary interaction. Consuming a dietary pattern low in discretionary foods and high-SFA and low-fibre foods is likely to be important for maintaining a healthy weight, regardless of FTO predisposition to obesity. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01530139. Registered 9 February 2012 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01530139

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