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Mối liên hệ giữa việc tiêu thụ đồ uống có ga và nước trái cây 100% với nguy cơ ung thư: một bài tổng quan hệ thống và phân tích tổng hợp theo liều lượng của các nghiên cứu đoàn hệ triển vọng
Tóm tắt
Các nghiên cứu về mối liên hệ giữa đồ uống có ga và nguy cơ ung thư đã cho ra những kết quả không nhất quán. Chưa có bất kỳ bài tổng quan hệ thống và phân tích tổng hợp nào công bố trước đây điều tra mối liên hệ theo liều lượng giữa mức độ tiếp xúc và nguy cơ ung thư hoặc đánh giá độ tin cậy của những chứng cứ hiện có. Do đó, chúng tôi đặt mục tiêu chứng minh các mối liên hệ và đánh giá độ chắc chắn của chứng cứ để thể hiện sự tự tin của chúng tôi vào những mối liên hệ này. Chúng tôi đã tìm kiếm trên các cơ sở dữ liệu Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, và Thư viện Cochrane từ khi bắt đầu đến tháng 6 năm 2022, để đưa vào các nghiên cứu đoàn hệ triển vọng liên quan. Chúng tôi đã sử dụng mô hình spline hình khối hạn chế để thực hiện phân tích tổng hợp theo liều lượng và tính toán các ước lượng tác động tuyệt đối để trình bày kết quả. Phương pháp đánh giá, phát triển và đánh giá khuyến nghị (GRADE) được sử dụng để đánh giá độ tin cậy của chứng cứ. Bốn mươi hai bài báo, bao gồm 37 đoàn hệ, đã tuyển sinh 4.518.547 người tham gia được đưa vào. Với chứng cứ độ tin cậy thấp, việc tiêu thụ tăng lên 250 mL/ngày đồ uống có đường (SSBs) có liên quan đáng kể với nguy cơ ung thư vú cao hơn 17%, nguy cơ ung thư đại trực tràng cao hơn 10%, nguy cơ ung thư đường mật cao hơn 30% và nguy cơ ung thư tiền liệt tuyến cao hơn 10%; việc tiêu thụ tăng lên 250 mL/ngày đồ uống ngọt nhân tạo (ASBs) có liên quan đáng kể với nguy cơ bệnh bạch cầu cao hơn 16%; việc tiêu thụ nước trái cây 100% tăng lên 250 mL/ngày có liên quan đáng kể với nguy cơ ung thư tổng quát cao hơn 31%, nguy cơ u hắc tố cao hơn 22%, nguy cơ ung thư biểu mô tế bào vảy cao hơn 2% và nguy cơ ung thư tuyến giáp cao hơn 29%. Các mối liên hệ với những loại ung thư cụ thể khác là không đáng kể. Chúng tôi đã tìm thấy mối liên hệ theo liều lượng tuyến tính giữa việc tiêu thụ SSB và nguy cơ ung thư vú và thận, và giữa việc tiêu thụ ASB và nước trái cây 100% với nguy cơ ung thư tụy. Một sự gia tăng tiêu thụ SSB 250 mL/ngày có liên quan tích cực với nguy cơ ung thư vú, đại trực tràng và ung thư đường mật. Tiêu thụ nước trái cây cũng có liên quan tích cực với nguy cơ ung thư tổng quát, ung thư tuyến giáp và u hắc tố. Tuy nhiên, mức độ tác động tuyệt đối là nhỏ và chủ yếu dựa trên độ chắc chắn thấp hoặc rất thấp của chứng cứ. Mối liên hệ giữa việc tiêu thụ ASB với nguy cơ ung thư cụ thể là không chắc chắn. PROSPERO: CRD42020152223
Từ khóa
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