Assessment of forage availability in ecological studies

Duncan P, Tixier H, Hoffman RR, Lechner-Doll M (1998) Feeding strategies and the physiology of digestion in roe deer. In: Andersen R, Duncan P, Linnell JDC (eds) The European roe deer: the biology of success. Scandinavian University Press, Oslo, pp 91–116 Etienne M (1989) Non-destructive methods for evaluating shrub biomass: a review. Acta Oecol 10:115–128 Feuillas D (1979) Méthodes et techniques d’estimation de la biomasse végétale épigée des formations arbustives et leurs applications au maquis corse dans la vallée du Fango DEA Ecologie. Université Paris Sud, 51 pp (in French) Floret C, Le Floch E, Pontannier R (1983) Phytomasse et production végétale en Tunisie présaharienne. Oecol Plant 4:133–152 Gaillard JM, Delorme D, Boutin JM, Van Laere G, Boisaubert B, Pradel R (1993). Roe deer survival patterns: a comparative analysis of contrasting populations. J Anim Ecol 62:778–791 Gaillard JM, Delorme D, Boutin JM, Van Laere G, Boisaubert B (1996) Body mass of roe deer fawns during winter in 2 contrasting populations. J Wildl Manage 60:29–36 Gaillard JM, Liberg O, Andersen R, Hewison AJM, Cederlund G (1998) Population dynamics of roe deer. In: Andersen R, Duncan P, Linnell JDC (eds) The European roe deer: the biology of success. Scandinavian University Press, Oslo Joffre LM (1978) Note sur une méthode d’estimation de la phytomasse aérienne de l’espèce dominante en milieu steppique. Institut Régionale Arides, Medenine, Tunisie, 16 pp (in French) Kie JG, Bowyer RT, Nicholson MC, Boroski BB, Loft ER (2002) Landscape heterogeneity at differing scales: effects on spatial distribution of mule deer. Ecology 83:530–544 Lambertin V (1992) Carte géologique de la forêt domaniale de Chizé. In: Révision de l’aménagement de la forêt domaniale de Chizé, O.N.F., Paris (in French) Lyon LJ (1968) An evaluation of density sampling methods in a shrub community. J Range Manage 21:16–20 Mautz WW (1978) Sledding on a bushy hillside: the fat cycle in deer. Wildl Soc Bull 6:88–90 Morellet N, Champely S, Gaillard JM, Ballon Ph, Boscardin Y (2001) The browsing index: new tool uses browsing pressure to monitor deer populations. Wildl Soc Bull 29:1243–1252 Ohmann LF, Grigal DF, Brander RB (1974) Shrub mass: data variability and changes over time. Proceedings of the North American Moose Conference and Workshop 10:172–214 Oldemeyer JL, Regelin WL (1980) Comparison of 9 methods for estimating density of shrubs and saplings in Alaska. J Wildl Manage 44:662–666 Pettorelli N, Gaillard JM, Duncan P, Ouellet JP, Van Laere G (2001) Population density and small-scale variation in habitat quality affect phenotypic quality in roe deer. Oecologia 128:400–405 Philip J (1966) The use of point-quadrats with special reference to tem-like organs. Aust J Bot 14:105–125 Pitt MD, Schwab FE (1990) Estimating browse biomass. J Wildl Manage 54:342–348 Rogers LL, McRobert RE (1992) Estimation of shrub leaf biomass available to white-tailed deer. Resp Pap NC-307. US Department of Agriculture, Forest Science, North central Forest Experiment Station, St Paul, MN, 16 pp Saïd S, Servanty S (2005) The influence of landscape structure on female roe deer home-range size in landscape ecology. (in press) Schwan HE, Swift L (1941) Forage inventory methods, with special reference to big game ranges. Trans N Am Wildl Conf 6:118–125 Warren RJ (1997) The challenge of deer overabundance in the 21st century. Wildl Soc B 25:213–214 Warren-Wilson J (1963) Estimation of foliage denseness and foliage angle by inclined point-quadrats. Aust J Bot 11:95–105 Whittaker RH, Woodwell GM (1968) Dimensions and production relations of trees and shrubs in the Brookhaven Forest, New York. J Ecol 56:1–25 Widmer O, Saïd S, Miroir J, Duncan P, Gaillard JM, Klein F (2004) Exceptional climatic events and ungulate habitat use: the effects of hurricane lothar on roe deer. Forest Ecol Manage 195:237–242