Assessing the potential of biochar aged by humic substances to enhance plant growth and soil biological activity
Tóm tắt
Soil carbon-rich organic amendments (biochar, humic substances) may improve the quality and fertility of arable soil. Their co-application can additively enhance the beneficial effect on soil. Hypothetically, the pre-treatment of biochar, by aging via soaking in a solution of commercially available humic substances, could result in synergism, which may exceed the benefit from simple co-application of both amendments to the soil. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of biochar, humic substances, the combination of both, and the impact of biochar aged by humic substances solution on soil microbial activities and plant growth in a short-term pot experiment with lettuce. The aging of biochar decreased the C:N ratio as compared to non-activated biochar. The co-application of biochar and humic substances into the soil resulted in the highest microbial biomass carbon and respiration activity. The majority of enzyme activities (β-glucosidase, arylsulfatase, N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase, phosphatase) were the highest in humic substances-amended soil. The application of humic substances and biochar with humic substances seemed to stimulate microbial growth and activity followed by the competition of microflora for nutrients with plants, whereas the aged biochar behaved differently. The plants treated by aged biochar achieved the highest values of dry aboveground and root biomass of all variants. However, the assumed rapid uptake of nutrients by plants resulted in lower nutrient availability for microflora, and a decline in microbial viability. Based on this study, the positive effect of co-applied humic substances and biochar on soil fertility, quality, and health can be concluded. The usability of biochar aging by humic solution requires further study.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Li Y, Fang F, Wei J, Wu X, Cui R, Li G, et al. Humic acid fertilizer improved soil properties and soil microbial diversity of continuous cropping peanut: a three-year experiment. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):12014.
Onica BM, Vidican R, Sandor M. A short review about using MicroResp method for the assessment of community level physiological profile in agricultural soils. Bull Univ Agric Sci Vet Med Cluj-Napoca Agric. 2018;75(1):24.
Aon MA, Colaneri AC II. Temporal and spatial evolution of enzymatic activities and physico-chemical properties in an agricultural soil. Appl Soil Ecol. 2001;18(3):255–70.
Kuzyakov Y, Blagodatskaya E. Microbial hotspots and hot moments in soil: concept and review. Soil Biol Biochem. 2015;83:184–99.
Rose MT, Patti AF, Little KR, Brown AL, Jackson WR, Cavagnaro TR. Chapter two—a meta-analysis and review of plant-growth response to humic substances: practical implications for agriculture. In: Sparks DL, editor. Advances in agronomy, vol. 124. San Diego: Academic Press; 2014. p. 37–89.
Lizarazo LM, Jordá JD, Juárez M, Sánchez-Andreu J. Effect of humic amendments on inorganic N, dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activities of a Mediterranean soil. Biol Fertil Soils. 2005;42(2):172–7.
Tisserant A, Cherubini F. Potentials, limitations, co-benefits, and trade-offs of biochar applications to soils for climate change mitigation. Land. 2019;8(12):34.
Al-Maliki S, Al-Mammory H, Scullion J. Interactions between humic substances and organic amendments affecting soil biological properties and growth of Zea mays L. in the arid land region. Arid Land Res Manag. 2018;32(4):455–70.
Domene X, Mattana S, Hanley K, Enders A, Lehmann J. Medium-term effects of corn biochar addition on soil biota activities and functions in a temperate soil cropped to corn. Soil Biol Biochem. 2014;72:152–62.
Arif M, Talha J, Muhammad R, Fahad S, Muhammad A, Amanullah, et al. Biochar; a remedy for climate change. In: Fahad S, Hasanuzzaman M, Alam M, Ullah H, Saeed M, Khan AK, et al. editors. Environment, climate, plant and vegetation growth. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2020. p. 151–172. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49732-3
Palanivell P, Ahmed OH, Latifah O, Majid NMA. Economic viability of including crude humic substances, chicken litter biochar, and clinoptilolite zeolite in rice cultivation on acid soils. Bulg J Agric Sci. 2019;25(1):79–96.
Zhang L, Sun XY, Tian Y, Gong XQ. Biochar and humic acid amendments improve the quality of composted green waste as a growth medium for the ornamental plant Calathea insignis. Sci Hortic. 2014;176:70–8.
Pandian K, Subramaniayan P, Gnasekaran P, Chitraputhirapillai S. Effect of biochar amendment on soil physical, chemical and biological properties and groundnut yield in rainfed Alfisol of semi-arid tropics. Arch Agron Soil Sci. 2016;62(9):1293–310.
Luo L, Gu JD. Alteration of extracellular enzyme activity and microbial abundance by biochar addition: Implication for carbon sequestration in subtropical mangrove sediment. J Environ Manag. 2016;182:29–36.
Quilliam RS, Marsden KA, Gertler C, Rousk J, DeLuca TH, Jones DL. Nutrient dynamics, microbial growth and weed emergence in biochar amended soil are influenced by time since application and reapplication rate. Agric Ecosyst Environ. 2012;158:192–9.
Dempster DN, Gleeson DB, Solaiman ZM, Jones DL, Murphy DV. Decreased soil microbial biomass and nitrogen mineralisation with Eucalyptus biochar addition to a coarse textured soil. Plant Soil. 2012;354(1–2):311–24.
Li Y, Li Y, Chang SX, Yang Y, Fu S, Jiang P, et al. Biochar reduces soil heterotrophic respiration in a subtropical plantation through increasing soil organic carbon recalcitrancy and decreasing carbon-degrading microbial activity. Soil Biol Biochem. 2018;122:173–85.
Yao Q, Liu JJ, Yu ZH, Li YS, Jin J, Liu XB, et al. Three years of biochar amendment alters soil physiochemical properties and fungal community composition in a black soil of northeast China. Soil Biol Biochem. 2017;110:56–67.
Lehmann J, Joseph S. Biochar for environmental management: science, technology and implementation. 2nd ed. London: Routledge; 2015.
Pukalchik M, Mercl F, Panova M, Brendova K, Terekhova VA, Tlustos P. The improvement of multi-contaminated sandy loam soil chemical and biological properties by the biochar, wood ash, and humic substances amendments. Environ Pollut. 2017;229:516–24.
Mukherjee A, Lal R, Zimmerman AR. Impacts of 1.5-year field aging on biochar, humic acid, and water treatment residual amended soil. Soil Sci. 2014;179(7):333–9.
Quan GX, Fan QY, Zimmerman AR, Sun JX, Cui LQ, Wang LH, et al. Effects of laboratory biotic aging on the characteristics of biochar and its water-soluble organic products. J Hazard Mater. 2020;382:9.
Trinchera A, Baratella V, Rinaldi S, Renzaglia M, Marcucci A, Rea E. Greenhouse lettuce: assessing nutrient use efficiency of digested livestock manure as organic n-fertiliser. Acta Hort. 2014;1041:63–9.
Iocoli GA, Zabaloy MC, Pasdevicelli G, Gómez MA. Use of biogas digestates obtained by anaerobic digestion and co-digestion as fertilizers: characterization, soil biological activity and growth dynamic of Lactuca sativa L. Sci Total Environ. 2019;647:11–9.
Vance ED, Brookes PC, Jenkinson DS. An extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass C. Soil Biol Biochem. 1987;19(6):703–7.
Casida LE, Klein DA, Santoro T. Soil dehydrogenase activity. Soil Sci. 1964;98(6):371–6.
ISO 20130. Soil quality—measurement of enzyme activity patterns in soil samples using colorimetric substrates in micro-well plates. Stockholm: SIS; 2018.
Campbell CD, Chapman SJ, Cameron CM, Davidson MS, Potts JM. A rapid microtiter plate method to measure carbon dioxide evolved from carbon substrate amendments so as to determine the physiological profiles of soil microbial communities by using whole soil. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003;69(6):3593–9.
R CORE TEAM. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2020.
Wickham H. ggplot2: Elegant graphics for data analysis. New York: Springer-Verlag; 2016.
Kassambara A, Mundt F. factoextra: extract and visualize the results of multivariate data analyses. Package version 1.0.5. 2017.
Lê S, Josse J, Husson F. FactoMineR: an R package for multivariate analysis. J Stat Softw. 2008;25(1):1–18.
Hinkle DE, Wiersma W, Jurs SG. Applied statistics for the behavioral sciences. 5th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin; 2003.
Mendiburu DF. agricolae: Statistical procedures for agricultural research. R package version 1.3–1. 2020.
Pignatello JJ, Kwon S, Lu Y. Effect of natural organic substances on the surface and adsorptive properties of environmental black carbon (Char): attenuation of surface activity by humic and fulvic acids. Environ Sci Technol. 2006;40(24):7757–63.
Mukherjee A, Zimmerman AR, Hamdan R, Cooper WT. Physicochemical changes in pyrogenic organic matter (biochar) after 15 months of field aging. Solid Earth. 2014;5(2):693–704.
Lehmann J, Pereira da Silva Jr J, Steiner C, Nehls T, Zech W, Glaser B. Nutrient availability and leaching in an archaeological Anthrosol and a Ferralsol of the Central Amazon basin: fertilizer, manure and charcoal amendments. Plant Soil. 2003;249(2):343–57.
Mukome FND, Parikh SJ. Chemical, physical, and surface characterization of biochar. In: Wong MH, Ok YS, editors. Biochar: production, characterization and applications. Boca Raton: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group; 2016. p. 68–96.
Özçimen D, Ersoy-Meriçboyu A. Characterization of biochar and bio-oil samples obtained from carbonization of various biomass materials. Renew Energy. 2010;35(6):1319–24.
Jindo K, Sánchez-Monedero MA, Matsumoto K, Sonoki T. The efficiency of a low dose of biochar in enhancing the aromaticity of humic-like substance extracted from poultry manure compost. Agronomy. 2019;9(5):248.
Spokas KA. Impact of biochar field aging on laboratory greenhouse gas production potentials. Glob Change Biology Bioenergy. 2013;5(2):165–76.
Brtnicky M, Dokulilova T, Holatko J, Pecina V, Kintl A, Latal O, et al. Long-term effects of biochar-based organic amendments on soil microbial parameters. Agronomy. 2019;9(11):747.
Lammirato C, Miltner A, Kaestner M. Effects of wood char and activated carbon on the hydrolysis of cellobiose by β-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger. Soil Biol Biochem. 2011;43(9):1936–42.
Batista EMCC, Shultz J, Matos TTS, Fornari MR, Ferreira TM, Szpoganicz B, et al. Effect of surface and porosity of biochar on water holding capacity aiming indirectly at preservation of the Amazon biome. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):10677.
Wang F, Sun H, Ren X, Liu Y, Zhu H, Zhang P, et al. Effects of humic acid and heavy metals on the sorption of polar and apolar organic pollutants onto biochars. Environ Pollut. 2017;231:229–36.
Zhang J, Wei Y, Liu J, Yuan J, Liang Y, Ren J, et al. Effects of maize straw and its biochar application on organic and humic carbon in water-stable aggregates of a Mollisol in Northeast China: a five-year field experiment. Soil Tillage Res. 2019;190:1–9.
Watzinger A, Feichtmair S, Kitzler B, Zehetner F, Kloss S, Wimmer B, et al. Soil microbial communities responded to biochar application in temperate soils and slowly metabolized 13C-labelled biochar as revealed by 13C PLFA analyses: results from a short-term incubation and pot experiment. Eur J Soil Sci. 2013;65(1):40–51.
Wu F, Jia Z, Wang S, Chang SX, Startsev A. Contrasting effects of wheat straw and its biochar on greenhouse gas emissions and enzyme activities in a Chernozemic soil. Biol Fertil Soils. 2013;49(5):555–65.
Kuzyakov Y, Subbotina I, Chen H, Bogomolova I, Xu X. Black carbon decomposition and incorporation into soil microbial biomass estimated by 14C labeling. Soil Biol Biochem. 2009;41(2):210–9.
Paz-Ferreiro J, Gasco G, Gutierrez B, Mendez A. Soil biochemical activities and the geometric mean of enzyme activities after application of sewage sludge and sewage sludge biochar to soil. Biol Fertil Soils. 2012;48(5):511–7.
Spokas KA, Koskinen WC, Baker JM, Reicosky DC. Impacts of woodchip biochar additions on greenhouse gas production and sorption/degradation of two herbicides in a Minnesota soil. Chemosphere. 2009;77(4):574–81.
Koelmans AA, Meulman B, Meijer T, Jonker MTO. Attenuation of polychlorinated biphenyl sorption to charcoal by humic acids. Environ Sci Technol. 2009;43(3):736–42.
Gil-Sotres F, Trasar-Cepeda C, Leirós MC, Seoane S. Different approaches to evaluating soil quality using biochemical properties. Soil Biol Biochem. 2005;37(5):877–87.
Holatko J, Hammerschmiedt T, Datta R, Baltazar T, Kintl A, Latal O, et al. Humic acid mitigates the negative effects of high rates of biochar application on microbial activity. Sustainability. 2020;12(22):9524.
Chen J, Liu X, Zheng J, Zhang B, Lu H, Chi Z, et al. Biochar soil amendment increased bacterial but decreased fungal gene abundance with shifts in community structure in a slightly acid rice paddy from Southwest China. Appl Soil Ecol. 2013;71:33–44.
Paz-Ferreiro J, Gascó G, Gutiérrez B, Méndez A. Soil biochemical activities and the geometric mean of enzyme activities after application of sewage sludge and sewage sludge biochar to soil. Biol Fertil Soils. 2012;48(5):511–7.
Bastida F, Jindo K, Moreno JL, Hernández T, García C. Effects of organic amendments on soil carbon fractions, enzyme activity and humus–enzyme complexes under semi-arid conditions. Eur J Soil Biol. 2012;53:94–102.
Fincheira-Robles P, Martínez-Salgado M, Ortega-Blu R, Janssens M. Compost and humic substance effects on soil parameters of Vitis vinifera L cv Thompson seedless. Sci Agropec. 2016;7:291–6.
Hamer U, Marschner B, Brodowski S, Amelung W. Interactive priming of black carbon and glucose mineralisation. Org Geochem. 2004;35(7):823–30.
Ekenler M, Tabatabai MA. Effects of trace elements on β-glucosaminidase activity in soils. Soil Biol Biochem. 2002;34(11):1829–32.
Parham JA, Deng SP. Detection, quantification and characterization of β-glucosaminidase activity in soil. Soil Biol Biochem. 2000;32(8–9):1183–90.
Dick RP. Methods of soil enzymology. Madison: Soil Science Society of America; 2011.
Jiang L-L, Han G-M, Lan Y, Liu S-N, Gao J-P, Yang X, et al. Corn cob biochar increases soil culturable bacterial abundance without enhancing their capacities in utilizing carbon sources in Biolog Eco-plates. J Integr Agric. 2017;16(3):713–24.
Hill RA, Hunt J, Sanders E, Tran M, Burk GA, Mlsna TE, et al. Effect of biochar on microbial growth: a metabolomics and bacteriological investigation in E. coli. Environ Sci Technol. 2019;53(5):2635–46.
Dippold M, Biryukov M, Kuzyakov Y. Sorption affects amino acid pathways in soil: Implications from position-specific labeling of alanine. Soil Biol Biochem. 2014;72:180–92.
Gianfreda L, Rao MA, Sannino F, Saccomandi F, Violante A. Enzymes in soil: properties, behavior and potential applications. In: Violante A, Huang PM, Bollag J-M, Gianfreda L, editors. Developments in soil science. Elsevier: Amsterdam; 2002. p. 301–27.
Fujita K, Kunito T, Moro H, Toda H, Otsuka S, Nagaoka K. Microbial resource allocation for phosphatase synthesis reflects the availability of inorganic phosphorus across various soils. Biogeochemistry. 2017;136(3):325–39.
Shepherd JG, Sohi SP, Heal KV. Optimising the recovery and re-use of phosphorus from wastewater effluent for sustainable fertiliser development. Water Res. 2016;94:155–65.
Huang D, Liu L, Zeng G, Xu P, Huang C, Deng L, et al. The effects of rice straw biochar on indigenous microbial community and enzymes activity in heavy metal-contaminated sediment. Chemosphere. 2017;174:545–53.
Carter S, Shackley S, Sohi S, Suy T, Haefele S. The impact of biochar application on soil properties and plant growth of pot grown lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and cabbage (Brassica chinensis). Agronomy. 2013;3(2):404–18.
Arif M, Ali S, Ilyas M, Riaz M, Akhtar K, Ali K, et al. Enhancing phosphorus availability, soil organic carbon, maize productivity and farm profitability through biochar and organic-inorganic fertilizers in an irrigated maize agroecosystem under semi-arid climate. Soil Use Manag. 2021;37(1):104–19.
Spokas KA, Cantrell KB, Novak JM, Archer DW, Ippolito JA, Collins HP, et al. Biochar: a synthesis of its agronomic impact beyond carbon sequestration. J Environ Qual. 2012;41(4):973–89.
Schimel JP, Bennett J. Nitrogen mineralization: challenges of a changing paradigm. Ecology. 2004;85(3):591–602.