Đánh giá tiếp xúc với phthalates – Phương pháp giám sát sinh học trên người
Tóm tắt
Các phthalate nhất định là các chất độc hại đối với sự phát triển và sinh sản ở động vật. Tiếp xúc với phthalates cũng được xem là có thể gây hại cho sức khỏe con người. Dựa trên một nghiên cứu tài liệu toàn diện, chúng tôi trình bày tổng quan về các nguồn tiếp xúc phthalate ở người và kết quả của các đánh giá tiếp xúc, đặc biệt chú trọng vào dữ liệu giám sát sinh học trên người. Trong dân số nói chung, có sự tiếp xúc rộng rãi với một số phthalates. Thực phẩm là nguồn tiếp xúc phthalate chính, đặc biệt đối với các phthalate chuỗi dài như di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Đối với các phthalate chuỗi ngắn như di-n-butyl phthalate, các con đường tiếp xúc bổ sung là có liên quan. Nhìn chung, trẻ em tiếp xúc với liều lượng phthalate cao hơn so với người lớn. Đặc biệt, có thể xảy ra tiếp xúc cao thông qua một số loại thuốc hoặc thiết bị y tế. Bằng cách so sánh dữ liệu tiếp xúc với các giá trị giới hạn hiện có, người ta cũng có thể đánh giá các rủi ro liên quan đến việc tiếp xúc với phthalates. Trong dân số chung, một số cá nhân vượt quá giá trị tiếp nhận hàng ngày cho phép cho một hoặc nhiều phthalates. Trong các nhóm có tiếp xúc cao (chăm sóc y tế tích cực, thuốc men), việc vượt quá giá trị tiếp nhận hàng ngày có thể rất đáng kể. Các phát hiện gần đây từ các nghiên cứu trên động vật cho thấy việc đánh giá rủi ro tích lũy đối với phthalates là cần thiết, và một đánh giá tiếp xúc tích lũy với phthalates thông qua giám sát sinh học trên người là một bước đi quan trọng theo hướng này.
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