Sức khỏe liên quan đến công việc trong các doanh nghiệp bao trùm - tổng quan về tình hình việc làm và sức khỏe của người lao động cũng như các biện pháp nâng cao sức khỏe tại nơi làm việc

Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung - Tập 16 - Trang 21-28 - 2020
Julia Lengen1, Ann-Christin Kordsmeyer2, Volker Harth1, Stefanie Mache1
1Zentralinstitut für Arbeitsmedizin und Maritime Medizin (ZfAM), Universitätsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Deutschland
2Zentralinstitut für Arbeitsmedizin und Maritime Medizin (ZfAM), Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Deutschland

Tóm tắt

Các doanh nghiệp bao trùm cung cấp cho những người có hạn chế về tinh thần hoặc thể chất một khung công việc an toàn trong thị trường lao động chung. Do nhu cầu sức khỏe đối với nhóm đối tượng là người khuyết tật và các quy định pháp luật gần đây đã được cải cách, việc thúc đẩy sức khỏe trong doanh nghiệp trở nên rất quan trọng trong các doanh nghiệp bao trùm. Bài viết này trình bày tổng quan về tình trạng nghiên cứu liên quan đến tình hình việc làm và sức khỏe của người lao động trong các doanh nghiệp bao trùm, cũng như việc thực hiện hiện tại các biện pháp nâng cao sức khỏe. Các kết quả nghiên cứu chỉ ra rằng lao động thu nhập mang lại nhiều nguồn lực (chẳng hạn như sự hỗ trợ xã hội hoặc tính linh hoạt) với nhiều tác động tích cực có thể về sức khỏe và xã hội cho người lao động có khuyết tật. Nhu cầu nghiên cứu chủ yếu đối với các biện pháp can thiệp dựa trên chứng cứ và trong phân tích các yếu tố sức khỏe gây áp lực lên những người làm việc trong các doanh nghiệp bao trùm, cả có và không có khuyết tật, cũng được làm rõ. Để phát triển các điều kiện làm việc có lợi cho sức khỏe, bài viết này tổng hợp các khuyến nghị dựa trên các nghiên cứu trước đây, đặc biệt đối với các lĩnh vực nội dung công việc, tổ chức công việc và mối quan hệ xã hội.

Từ khóa

#doanh nghiệp bao trùm #sức khỏe và an toàn lao động #hỗ trợ xã hội #can thiệp dựa trên chứng cứ #khuyết tật

Tài liệu tham khảo

Altgeld T, Rothofer P, Vanheiden T et al (2017) Durchführung einer Bestandsaufnahme von Interventionen (Modelle guter Praxis) zur Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention bei Menschen mit Behinderung. GKV-Spitzenverband, Berlin Baldwin M, Marcus S (2011) Stigma, discrimination, and employment outcomes among persons with mental health disabilities. In: Schultz IZ, Rogers ES (Hrsg) Work accommodation and retention in mental health. Springer, New York, S 53–69 Bauer U, Bittlingmeyer UH (2015) Zielgruppenspezifische Gesundheitsförderung. In: Hurrelmann K, Razum O (Hrsg) Handbuch Gesundheitswissenschaften. Beltz Juventa, Weinheim, Basel Beyer S, Brown T, Akandi R et al (2010) A comparison of quality of life outcomes for people with intellectual disabilities in supported employment, day services and employment enterprises. J Appl Res Intellect Disabil 23:290–295 Blättner B, Waller H (2011) Gesundheitswissenschaft. Eine Einführung in Grundlagen, Theorie und Anwendung. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart Boardman J, Grove B, Perkins R et al (2003) Work and employment for people with psychiatric disabilities. Br J Psychiatry 182:467–468 Buhariwala P, Wilton R, Evans J (2015) Social enterprises as enabling workplaces for people with psychiatric disabilities. Disabil Soc 30(6):865–879 Bundesagentur für Arbeit (2019) Statistik der Bundesagentur für Arbeit. Berichte: Blickpunkt Arbeitsmarkt – Situation schwerbehinderter Menschen. https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de/Statischer-Content/Arbeitsmarktberichte/Personengruppen/generische-Publikationen/Brosch-Die-Arbeitsmarktsituation-schwerbehinderter-Menschen.pdf. Zugegriffen: 4. Febr. 2020 Bundesarbeitsgemeinschaft der Integrationsämter und Hauptfürsorgestellen (2019) Die Arbeit der Integrationsämter und Hauptfürsorgestellen. Jahresbericht 2018/2019: Behinderung und Beruf. BIH, Köln, S 4–64 Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales (2013) Teilhabebericht der Bundesregierung über die Lebenslagen von Menschen mit Beeinträchtigungen, Teilhabe – Beeinträchtigung – Behinderung. BMAS, Bonn Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales (2016) Zweiter Teilhabebericht der Bundesregierung über die Lebenslagen von Menschen mit Beeinträchtigungen Teilhabe – Beeinträchtigung – Behinderung. BMAS, Bonn Cho S, Kim MA, Kwon SI (2019) Using the photovoice method to understand experiences of people with physical disabilities working in social enterprises. Disabil Health J 12:685–693 Confederation of European Firms EIaCC (1997) Employment initiatives and cooperatives: definition of a social firm. https://socialfirmseurope.org/social-firms/definition/. Zugegriffen: 27. Febr. 2020 Corbière M, Lecomte T (2009) Vocational services offered to people with severe mental illness. J Ment Health 18:38–50 Corbière M, Villotti P, Lecomte T et al (2014) Work accommodations and natural supports for maintaining employment. Psychiatr Rehabil J 37(2):90–98 Corbière M, Villotti P, Dewa CS et al (2019) Work accommodations in Canadian social firms: supervisors’ and workers’ perspectives. Can J Commun Ment Health 38:37–56 Corbière M, Zaniboni S, Dewa C et al (2019) Work productivity of people with a psychiatric disability working in social firms. Work 62(1):151–160 Deforche B, Mommen J, Hublet A et al (2018) Evaluation of a brief intervention for promoting mental health among employees in social enterprises: a cluster randomized controlled trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health 15:2107 Deutscher Bundestag (2015) Integrationsbetriebe fördern – Neue Chancen für schwerbehinderte Menschen auf dem ersten Arbeitsmarkt eröffnen. Drucksache 18/5377. http://dip21.bundestag.de/dip21/btd/18/053/1805377.pdf. Zugegriffen: 3. Febr. 2020 Gemeinsame Deutsche Arbeitsschutzstrategie (2017) Empfehlungen zur Umsetzung der Gefährdungsbeurteilung psychischer Belastungen. Arbeitsschutz in der Praxis, 3. Aufl. BMAS, Berlin Gilbert E, Marwaha S, Milton A et al (2013) Social firms as a means of vocational recovery for people with mental illness: a UK survey. BMC Health Serv Res 13:270 Handschuh M, Schreiner-Kürten K, Wanek V (2000) Leitfaden Prävention: Handlungsfelder und Kriterien des GKV-Spitzenverbandes zur Umsetzung des §§20 und 20a SGB V. in der Fassung von 2014, S 1–110 Henry A, Lucca A (2004) Facilitators and barriers to employment: the perspectives of people with psychiatric disabilities and employment service providers. Work 22:169–182 Hublet A, Maes L, Mommen J et al (2015) Health promotion interventions in social economy companies in Flanders (Belgium). BMC Public Health 16:11 Killeen M, O’Day B (2004) Challenging expectations: how individuals with psychiatric disabilities find and keep work. Psychiatr Rehabil J 28:157–163 Krupa T (1998) The consumer-run business: people with psychiatric disabilities as entrepreneurs. Work 11:3–10 Krupa T, Lagarde M, Carmichael K (2003) Transforming sheltered workshops into affirmative businesses: an outcome evaluation. Psychiatr Rehabil J 26:359–367 Lanctôt N, Corbière M, Durand M‑J (2012) Job tenure and quality of work life of people with psychiatric disabilities working in social enterprises. J Vocat Rehabil 37:39–48 Lanctôt N, Durand M‑J, Corbière M (2012) The quality of work life of people with severe mental disorders working in social enterprises: a qualitative study. Qual Life Res 21:1415–1423 Lauber C (2008) Stigma and discrimination against people with mental illness: a critical appraisal. Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale 17(1):10–13 Lysaght R, Petner-Arrey J, Howell-Moneta A et al (2017) Inclusion through work and productivity for persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities. J Appl Res Intellect Disabil 30(5):922–935 Macdonald-Wilson K, Rogers E, Massaro J et al (2002) An investigation of reasonable workplace accommodations for people with psychiatric disabilities: quantitative findings from a multi-site study. Community Ment Health J 38:35–50 Milton A, Parsons N, Morant N et al (2015) The clinical profile of employees with mental health problems working in social firms in the UK. J Ment Health 24(4):242–248 Paluch T, Fossey E, Harvey C (2012) Social firms: building cross-sectoral partnerships to create employment opportunity and supportive workplaces for people with mental illness. Work 43:63–75 Pieper C, Schröer S, Haupt J et al (2015) Wirksamkeit und Nutzen betrieblicher Prävention. iga.Report 28 Rosenbrock R, Hartung S (2011) Gesundheitsförderung und Betrieb. In: Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung (Hrsg) Leitbegriffe der Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention Glossar zu Konzepten, Strategien, Methoden, S 231–235 Secker J, Dass S, Grove BOB (2003) Developing social firms in the UK: a contribution to identifying good practice. Disabil Soc 18:659–674 Statistisches Bundesamt (2018) 7,8 Mio. schwerbehinderte Menschen leben in Deutschland. https://www.destatis.de/DE/Presse/Pressemitteilungen/2018/06/PD18_228_227.html. Zugegriffen: 4. Febr. 2020 (Pressemitteilung Nr. 228 vom 25. Juni 2018) Suijkerbuijk YB, Schaafsma FG, van Mechelen JC, Ojajärvi A, Corbière M, Anema JR. Interventions for obtaining and maintaining employment in adults with severe mental illness, a network meta‐analysis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2017, Issue 9. Art. No.: CD011867. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD011867.pub2 Svanberg J, Gumley A, Wilson A (2010) How do social firms contribute to recovery from mental illness? A qualitative study. Clin Psychol Psychother 17:482–496 Villotti P, Balducci C, Zaniboni S et al (2013) An analysis of work engagement among workers with mental disorders recently integrated to work. J Career Assess 22:18–27 Villotti P, Corbière M, Zaniboni S et al (2012) Individual and environmental factors related to job satisfaction in people with severe mental illness employed in social enterprises. Work 43:33–41 Villotti P, Corbière M, Dewa C et al (2017) A serial mediation model of workplace social support on work productivity: the role of self-stigma and job tenure self-efficacy in people with severe mental disorders. Disabil Rehabil 40(26):3113–3119 Villotti P, Corbière M, Fossey E et al (2017) Work accommodations and natural supports for employees with severe mental illness in social businesses: an international comparison. Community Ment Health J 53:864–870 Williams A, Fossey E, Harvey C (2010) Sustaining employment in a social firm: use of the work environment impact scale V2.0 to explore views of employees with psychiatric disabilities. Br J Occup Ther 73:531–539 Williams A, Fossey E, Harvey C (2012) Social firms: sustainable employment for people with mental illness. Work 43:53–62 Wistow R, Schneider J (2003) Users’ views on supported employment and social inclusion: a qualitative study of 30 people in work. Br J Learn Disabil 31:166–173 Ziglio E, Barbosa R, Charpark Y et al (2003) Gesundheitssysteme stellen sich der Armut. Public Health Fallstudien, Bd. 1. WHO, Kopenhagen