Antioxidant, Biomolecule Oxidation Protective Activities of Nardostachys jatamansi DC and Its Phytochemical Analysis by RP-HPLC and GC-MS

Antioxidants - Tập 4 Số 1 - Trang 185-203
Sakina Razack1, Hemanth Kumar Kandikattu1, Ilaiyaraja Nallamuthu1, Mahadeva Naika2, Farhath Khanum1
1Biochemistry and Nanosciences Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore-570011, India.
2Applied Nutrition Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Mysore - 570011, India

Tóm tắt

The study aimed at analyzing the metabolite profile of Nardostachys jatamansi using RP-HPLC, GC-MS and also its antioxidant, biomolecule protective and cytoprotective properties. The 70% ethanolic extract of Nardostachys jatamansi (NJE) showed the presence of polyphenols and flavonoids (gallic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, homovanillin, epicatechin, rutin hydrate and quercetin-3-rhamnoside) analyzed by RP-HPLC, whereas hexane extract revealed an array of metabolites (fatty acids, sesquiterpenes, alkane hydrocarbons and esters) by GC-MS analysis. The antioxidant assays showed the enhanced potency of NJE with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 222.22 ± 7.4 μg/mL for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 13.90 ± 0.5 μg/mL for 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), 113.81 ± 4.2 μg/mL for superoxide, 948 ± 21.1 μg/mL for metal chelating and 12.3 ± 0.43 mg FeSO4 equivalent/g of extract for ferric reducing antioxidant power assays and was more potent than hexane extract. NJE effectively inhibited 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced oxidation of biomolecules analyzed by pBR322 plasmid DNA damage, protein oxidation of bovine serum albumin and lipid peroxidation assays. The observed effects might be due to the high content of polyphenols, 53.06 ± 2.2 mg gallic acid equivalents/g, and flavonoids, 25.303 ± 0.9 mg catechin equivalents/g, of NJE compared to the hexane fraction. Additionally, the extract abrogated the protein, carbonyl, and ROS formation, and NJE showed cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells above 75 μg/mL. Thus, the study suggests that the herb unequivocally is a potential source of antioxidants and could aid in alleviating oxidative stress-mediated disorders.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Halliwell, B., and Gutteridge, J.M. (1999). Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine, Oxford University Press.

Yildirim, 2000, Comparison of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Tilia (Tilia argenta Desf Ex DC), sage (Salvia triloba L.) and black tea (Camellia sinensis) extracts, J. Agric. Food Chem., 48, 5030, 10.1021/jf000590k

Gulcin, 2002, Determination of antioxidant activity of lichen Cetraria islandica (L.), J. Ethnopharmacol., 79, 325, 10.1016/S0378-8741(01)00396-8

Mittova, 2000, Activities of SOD and the ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzymes in subcellular compartments in leaves and roots of the cultivated tomato and its wild salt-tolerant relative Lycopersicon pennellii, Physiol. Plant., 110, 45, 10.1034/j.1399-3054.2000.110106.x

Dean, 1997, Biochemistry and pathology of radical-mediated protein, J. Biochem., 324, 1, 10.1042/bj3240001

Aruoma, 1998, Free radicals, oxidative stress and antioxidants in human health and disease, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 75, 199, 10.1007/s11746-998-0032-9

Percival, 1998, Antioxidants, Clin. Nutr. Insight, 31, 1

Ashokkumar, 2008, Evaluation of antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of Oxystelma esculentum in various in vitro models, J. Compliment. Integr. Med., 5, 1553

Veerapur, 2009, Ficus racemosa stem bark extract: A potent antioxidant and a probable natural radioprotector, Evid. Based Complement. Alternat Med., 6, 317, 10.1093/ecam/nem119

Kitts, 2000, Antioxidant properties of a North American gingseng extract, Mol. Cell. Biochem., 203, 1, 10.1023/A:1007078414639

2007, Measurement of antioxidant activity of wine catechins, procyanidins, antocyanins and piranoantocyanins, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 8, 797, 10.3390/i8080797

Aviram, 2000, Review of human studies on oxidative damage and antioxidant protection related to cardiovascular diseases, Free Radic. Res., 33, 85

Baynes, 2000, From life to death-the struggle between chemistry and biology during aging: The Maillard reaction as an amplifier of genomic damage, Biogerontology, 1, 235, 10.1023/A:1010034213093

Halliwell, 1996, Oxidative stress, nutrition and health. Experimental strategies for optimization of nutritional antioxidant intake in humans, Free Radic. Res., 25, 57, 10.3109/10715769609145656

Rao, 2005, Anticonvulsant and neurotoxicity profile of Nardostachys jatamansi in rats, J. Ethnopharmacol., 102, 351, 10.1016/j.jep.2005.06.031

Ahmad, 2006, Attenuation by Nardostachys jatamansi of 6-hydroxydopamine-induced parkinsonism in rats: Behavioral, neurochemical, and immunohistochemical studies, Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 83, 150, 10.1016/j.pbb.2006.01.005

Subashini, 2006, Protective effect of Nardostachys jatamansi on oxidative injury and cellular abnormalities during doxorubicin-induced cardiac damage in rats, J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 58, 257, 10.1211/jpp.58.2.0014

Joshi, 2006, Nardostachys jatamansi improves learning and memory in mice, J. Med. Food, 9, 113, 10.1089/jmf.2006.9.113

Kumar, 2006, Search for antibacterial and antifungal agents from selected Indian medicinal plants, J. Ethnopharmacol., 107, 182, 10.1016/j.jep.2006.03.013

Dhingra, 2008, Inhibition of MAO and GABA: Probable mechanisms for antidepressant-like activity of Nardostachys jatamansi DC. in mice, Indian J. Exp. Biol., 46, 212

Dandagi, 2008, Development and evaluation of hepatoprotective polyherbal formulation containing some indigenous medicinal plants, Indian J. Pharm. Sci., 70, 265, 10.4103/0250-474X.41474

Jadhav, 2009, Herbal anxiolyte: Nardostachys jatamansi, J. Pharm. Res., 2, 1208

Khan, 2012, Neuroprotective efficacy of Nardostachys jatamansi and crocetin in conjunction with selenium in cognitive impairment, Neurol. Sci., 33, 1011, 10.1007/s10072-011-0880-1

Ross, 2009, A comparative study on the phenolic acids identified and quantified in dry beans using HPLC as affected by different extraction and hydrolysis methods, Food Chem., 113, 336, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.07.064

Singleton, 1965, Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic acid-phosphotungstic acid reagents, Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 16, 144, 10.5344/ajev.1965.16.3.144

Sakanaka, 2005, Preparation and antioxidant properties of extracts of Japanese persimmon leaf tea (kakinoha-cha), Food Chem., 89, 569, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.03.013

Eberhardt, 2000, Antioxidant activity of fresh apple, Nature, 405, 903, 10.1038/35016151

Re, 1999, Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay, Free Radic. Biol. Med., 26, 1231, 10.1016/S0891-5849(98)00315-3

Dinis, 1994, Action of phenolic derivatives (acetoaminophen, Salicylate and 5-aminosalicylate) as inhibitora of membrane lipid peroxidation and as peroxyl radical scavengers, Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 315, 161, 10.1006/abbi.1994.1485

Ye, 2000, Ribonuclease, cell free transalation inhibitory and superoxide radical scavenging activities of the iron-binding protein lactoferrin from bovine mill, Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol., 32, 235, 10.1016/S1357-2725(99)00131-4

Benzie, 1996, The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of “antioxidant power”: The FRAP assay, Anal. Biochem., 239, 70, 10.1006/abio.1996.0292

Lee, 2002, Antioxidant property of an ethanol extract of the stem of Opuntia ficus-indica Var. Saboten, J. Agric. Food Chem., 50, 6490, 10.1021/jf020388c

Kwon, 2000, Oxidative modification and inactivation of Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase by 2, 2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1543, 69, 10.1016/S0167-4838(00)00197-7

Bahramikia, 2009, Protective effects of four Iranian plants against free radical-mediated protein oxidation, Food Chem., 115, 37, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.11.054

Kobayashi, 2008, Endogenous reactive oxygen species is an important endogenous reactive oxygen species is an important mediator of miconazole antifungal effect, Phytomedicine, 15, 391

Reznick, 1994, Oxidative damage to proteins: Spectrophotometric method for carbonyl assay, Methods Enzymol., 233, 357, 10.1016/S0076-6879(94)33041-7

Cai, 2003, Inhibition of free radical induced peroxidation of rat liver microsomes by resveratrol and its analogues, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1637, 31, 10.1016/S0925-4439(02)00174-6

Rossib, 2003, Protein carbonyl groups as biomarkers of oxidative stress, Clin. Chim. Acta, 329, 23, 10.1016/S0009-8981(03)00003-2

Leeuwenburgh, 2001, Oxidative stress and antioxidants in exercise, Curr. Med. Chem., 8, 829, 10.2174/0929867013372896

Liu, 1999, Stress, aging, brain oxidative damage, Neurochem Res, 24, 1479, 10.1023/A:1022597010078

Bouayed, 2010, Polyphenols: A potential new strategy for the prevention and treatment of anxiety and depression, Curr. Nutr. Food Sci., 6, 13, 10.2174/157340110790909608

Bouayed, 2007, Chlorogenic acid, a polyphenol from Prunus domestica (Mirabelle), with coupled anxiolytic and antioxidant effects, J. Neurol. Sci., 262, 77, 10.1016/j.jns.2007.06.028

Neganova, 2012, Mechanisms of antioxidant effect of natural sesquiterpene lactone and alkaloid derivatives, Bull. Exp. Biol. Med., 152, 720, 10.1007/s10517-012-1615-x

Linck, 2010, Effects of inhaled linalool in anxiety, social interaction and aggressive behaviour in mice, Phytomedicine, 17, 679, 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.10.002

Richard, 2008, Polyunsaturated fatty acids as antioxidants, Pharmacol. Res., 57, 451, 10.1016/j.phrs.2008.05.002

Kalmijn, 1997, Polyunsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants, and cognitive function in very old men, Am. J. Epidemiol., 145, 33, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009029

Miller, 1995, The relative antioxidant activity of plant derived polyphenolic flavonoids, Free Radic. Res., 22, 375, 10.3109/10715769509145649

Hoerster, 1977, Valeranone content in the roots of Nardostachys jatamansi and Valeriana officinalis, Phytochem, 1, 1070, 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)86735-7

Rucker, 1978, Isolation and pharmacological activity of the sesquiterpene valeranone from Nardostachys jatamansi DC (in German), Arzneimittelforschung, 28, 7

Aiyegoro, 2010, Prelimnary phytochemical screening and invitro antioxidant activities of the aqueous extract of Helichrysum longifolium DC, BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 10, 21, 10.1186/1472-6882-10-21

Hudson, B.J.F. (1990). Food Antioxidants, Elsevier Applied Science.

Dorman, 2003, Characterisation of the antioxidant properties of deodorized aqueous extracts from selected Lamiaceae herbs, Food Chem., 83, 255, 10.1016/S0308-8146(03)00088-8

Kumar, 2012, Antioxidant activities of Indigofera cassioides Rottl. Ex. DC. using various in vitro assay models, Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed., 2, 256, 10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60019-7

Razack, 2014, Phytochemical analysis and biological properties of Cyperus rotundus L, Ind. Crops Prod., 52, 815, 10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.11.040

Yang, 2008, Mitochondrial DNA damage and repair in neurodegenerative disorders, DNA Repair, 7, 1110, 10.1016/j.dnarep.2008.03.012

Barrera, 2008, Lipid peroxidation: Control of cell proliferation cell differentiation and cell death, Mol. Aspects Med., 29, 1, 10.1016/j.mam.2007.09.012

Roche, 2009, Effects of nutritional antioxidants on AAPH- or AGEs-induced oxidative stress in human SW872 liposarcoma cells, Cell Biol. Toxicol., 25, 635, 10.1007/s10565-008-9118-2

LeBel, 1992, Evaluation of the probe 2′,7′-dichiorofluorescin as an indicator of reactive oxygen species formation and oxidative stress, Chem. Res. Toxicol., 5, 227, 10.1021/tx00026a012

Stadtman, 2000, Protein oxidation, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 899, 191, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06187.x

Ardestani, 2007, Antioxidant and free radical scavenging potential of Achillea santolina extracts, Food Chem., 104, 21, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.10.066