Aneuploidiescreening von Eizellen und Embryonen im Rahmen der assistierten Reproduktion
Tóm tắt
Bei Frauen im fortgeschrittenen reproduktiven Alter von über 35 Jahren ist die Inzidenz numerischer Chromosomenaberrationen erhöht. Dies gilt als wesentliche Ursache für die abnehmende Lebendgeburtenrate und das erhöhte Abortrisiko bei einer assistierten Reproduktion in dieser Altersgruppe. Anhand verschiedener Verfahren kann eine Negativselektion nach chromosomalem Status von Eizellen oder Embryonen im Rahmen einer assistierten Reproduktion durchgeführt werden. So können die Polkörper einer Eizelle, Zellen des Embryos im Blastomerenstadium oder Zellen des Throphektoderms einer Blastozyste auf das Vorliegen von Aneuploidien untersucht werden. Zudem sind nicht-invasive Verfahren, die ohne eine Biopsie einer Eizelle oder eines Embryos auskommen, für eine genetische Testung in der Erprobung. Insbesondere für die in Deutschland ohne besondere Genehmigungen zulässige Polkörperuntersuchung von Eizellen auf Aneuploidien erscheint die Betrachtung der in klinischen Studien beschriebenen positiven Effekte aus einer gesundheitsökonomischen Perspektive angebracht.
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