Anesthesia, fasting tolerance, and nutrient requirement of juvenile northern bluefin tuna
Tóm tắt
The present study aimed to investigate a suitable anesthesia protocol for nutritional studies, fasting tolerance, and nutrient requirements for maintenance in juvenile northern bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis weighing 0.8–0.9 g. The fish grew in a mass seedling production under completely controlled aquaculture. The solution of 0.2 mL 2-phenoxyethanol/L prepared by filtered seawater has been notably estimated as a anesthesia protocol for the juvenile, due to a shorter mean time necessary for anesthesia and recovery and higher survival rate at 24 h after recovery. All other anesthetics, 0.1 and 0.3 mL 2-phenoxyethanol/L, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mL 4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol/L, and cool water temperature shocks at 16.8, 12.6 and 10.4°C, were inferior. In a 5-day tolerance test, the juvenile was fed sand lance Ammodytes personatus through the rearing period or fasted for 2, 3, 4 and 5 consecutive days. Survival rates were about 80 or 60, 50, 10 and 0%, respectively. From the relationships between days fasting and energetic and nutritional retentions, juvenile tuna require about 142.7 kJ, 5.46 g protein and 0.44 g fat/kg body weight a day for maintenance, indicating remarkably higher requirements than other aquaculture fish.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Harada T, Kumai H, Mizuno K, Murata O, Nakamura M, Miyashita S, Furutani H. On rearing of young bluefin tuna. Mem. Fac. Agr. Kinki Univ. 1971; 4: 153–157.
Harada T. Artificial breeding of tuna and raising larvae. Mem. Fac. Agr. Kinki Univ. 1973; 6: 109–112.
Harada T, Kumai H, Nakamura M. On the rearing of bluefin tuna and bonito in wire netting cages. Mem. Fac. Agr. Kinki Univ. 1973; 6: 117–122.
Harada T, Murata O, Oda S. Rearing and morphological changes in larvae and juveniles of yellowfin tuna. Mem. Fac. Agr. Kinki Univ. 1980; 13: 33–36.
Miyashita S. Studies on the seedling production of the Pacific bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus orientalis. Bull. Fish. Lab. Kinki Univ. 2002; 7: 1–171.
Glencross B, Carter C, Gunn J, von Barneveld R, Rough K, Clarke S. Southern bluefin tuna, Thunnus maccoyii. In: Webster CR, Lim C (eds). Nutrient Requirements and Feeding of Finfish for Aquaculture. CABI Publishing. Oxon, 2002; 159–171.
AOAC, Official Methods of Analysis of Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 14th edn. Arlington. 1984; 1141.
Harter HL. Critical values for Duncan’s new multiple range tests. Biometrics 1960; 16: 671–685.
Malmstrom T, Salte R, Gjoen HM, Linseth A. A practical evaluation of metomoidate and MS-222 as anesthetics for Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.). Aquaculture 1993; 113: 331–338.
Oikawa S, Takeda T, Itazawa Y. Scale effects of MS-222 on a marine teleost, porgy Pagrus major. Aquaculture 1994; 121: 369–379.
Olsen YA, Einarsdottir IE, Nilssen KJ. Metomidate anaesthesis in Atlantic saimon, Salmo Salar, prevents plasma cortisol increase during stress. Aquaculture 1995; 134: 155–168.
Massee KC, Rust MB, Hardy RW, Stickney RP. The effectiveness of tricaine, quinaldine sulfate and metomidate as anesthetics for larval fish. Aquaculture 1995; 134: 351–359.
Soto CG, Burhanuddin. Clove oil as a fish anaesthetic for measuring length and weight of rabbitfish (Siganus lineatus). Aquaculture 1995; 136: 149–152.
Weyl O, Kaiser H, Hecht T. On the efficacy and mode of action of 2-phenoxyethanol as an anaesthetic for goldfish, Carassius auratus (L.), at different temperatures and concentrations. Aquac. Res. 1996; 27: 757–764.
NRC. Nutrient Requirements of Fish. National Academy Press, Washington DC. 1993.
Storebakken T, Hung SSO, Calvert CC, Plisetkaya EM. Nutrient partitioning in rainbow trout at different feeding rates. Aquaculture 1991; 96: 191–203.
Watanabe K, Aoki H, Yamagata Y, Kiron V, Satoh S, Watanabe T. Energy and protein requirements of yellowtail during winter season. Fish. Sci. 2000; 66: 521–527.
Bureau DP, Kaushik SJ, Cho CY. Bioenergitics. In: Halver JE, Hardy RW (eds). Fish Nutrition, 3rd edn. Academic Press. San Diego. 2002; 1–59.