Analyzing media discourse on the development of the National English Ability Test (NEAT) in South Korea

Bachman, L. F., & Palmer, A. S. (2010). Language assessment in practice: Developing language assessments and justifying their use in the real world. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Baker, P., Gabrielatos, C., & McEnery, T. (2013). Sketching Muslims: A corpus driven analysis of representations around the word “Muslim” in the British Press 1998–2009. Applied Linguistics, 34(3), 255–278. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/arms048. Blackledge, A. (2005). Discourse and power in a multilingual world. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing. Block, D. (2002). “McCommunication:” A problem in the frame of SLA. In D. Block & D. Cameron (Eds.), Globalization and language teaching (pp. 117–133). London: Routledge. Block, D., Gray, J., & Holborow, M. (2012). Neoliberalism and applied linguistics. New York: Routledge. Breeze, R. (2011). Critical discourse analysis and its critics. Pragmatics, 21(4), 493–525. Cameron, D. (1995). Verbal hygiene. London: Routledge. Cameron, D. (2000). Good to talk: Living and working in a communication culture. London: Sage Publications. Cheng, W. (2013). Corpus-based linguistic approaches to critical discourse analysis. In C. Chapelle (Ed.), The encyclopedia of applied linguistics (pp. 1353–1360). Oxford: Blackwell. Crawford, J. (2004). Educating English learners. Language diversity in the classroom. Los Angeles: Bilingual Educational Services. Fairclough, N. (1992). Discourse and social practice. Cambridge: Polity Press. Fairclough, N. (1995). Media discourse. London: Edward Arnold. Fairclough, N. (2005). Critical discourse analysis. London: Longman. Foucault, M. (1975). Discipline and punish: The birth of the prison. New York: Vintage Books. Foucault, M. (1980). Power/knowledge: Selected interviews and other writings, 1972–1977. New York: Pantheon Books. Fulcher, G. (2009). Test use and political philosophy. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 29, 3–20. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0267190509090023. Fulcher, G., & Davidson, F. (2007). Language testing and assessment. London & New York: Routledge. Gonzalez-Carriedo, R. (2014). Ideologies of the press in regard to English language learners: A case study of two newspapers in Arizona. Critical Inquiry in Language Studies, 11(2), 121–149. Habermas, J. (1970). Toward a rational society. Boston: Beacon Press. Hamp-Lyons, L. (2000). Social, professional and individual responsibility in language testing. System, 28(4), 579–591. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0346-251X(00)00039-7. Huxley, A. (1998). Brave new world. New York: HarperCollins Publishers. Kane, M. (2001). Current concerns in validity theory. Journal of Educational Measurement, 38(4), 319–342. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3984.2001.tb01130.x. Lee, H., & Lee, K. (2016). An analysis of the failure(s) of South Korea’s National English Ability Test. Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 25(5–6), 827–834. Li, J. (2009). Intertextuality and national identity: Discourse of national conflicts in daily newspapers in the United States and China. Discourse & Society, 20(1), 85–121. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926508097096. Lin, A. (2014). Critical discourse analysis in applied linguistics: A methodological review. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 34, 213–232. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0267190514000087. Madaus, G. (2001). Educational testing as a technology. NBETPP Statements, 2(1), 1–12. Marcuse, H. (1964). One-dimensional man. Boston: Beacon. McDonald, L. (2014). Think tanks and the media: How the conservative movement gained entry into the education policy arena. Education Policy, 28(6), 845–880. McNamara, T. F. (2001). Language assessment as social practice: Challenges for research. Language Testing, 18(4), 333–349. https://doi.org/10.1177/026553220101800402. McNamara, T. F., & Roever, C. (2006). Language testing: The social dimension. London: Blackwell Publishing. Menken, K. (2008). High-stake tests as de facto language education policies. In E. Shohamy & H. Hornberger (Eds.), Encyclopedia of language and education: Language and assessment (Vol. 7, 2nd ed., pp. 401–413). New York: Springer. Messick, S. (1989). Validity. In R. L. Linn (Ed.), Educational measurement (3rd ed., pp. 13–103). New York: American Council on Education & Macmillan. Postman, N. (1993). Technopoly: The surrender of culture to technology. New York: Vintage Books. Ritzer, G. (2000). The McDonaldization of society: An investigation into the changing character of contemporary social life. Thousand Oaks: Pine Forge Press. Shin, D., & Cho, E. (2019). Discursive conflicts in news media and the suspension of a government-led test of English in Korea. Manuscript submitted for publication. Shin, D. (2012). TOEFL daylaney kwanhan sinmunkisabunsek: Bipanjeokdamlonbunseokul kibanuro [Analyzing newspaper articles on TOEFL Crisis through critical discourse analysis]. Foreign Languages Education, 19(1),187–210. Shohamy, E. (2001). The power of tests: A critical perspective on the uses of language tests. London: Pearson. Spolsky, B. (1998). Sociolinguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Tan, P. K. W., & Rubdy, R. (Eds.). (2008). Language as commodity: Global structures, local marketplaces. New York: Continuum International Publishing. van Dijk, T. A. (Ed.). (1997). Discourse as social interaction. New York: Sage. Whitehead, G. (2016). The rise and fall of the National English Ability Test: Exploring the perspectives of Korean high school English teachers. Asian EFL Journal, 18(4), 124–155. Widdowson, H. (1998). The theory and practice of critical discourse analysis. Applied Linguistics, 19(1), 136–151. Widdowson, H. (2005). Text, context, pretext: Critical issues in discourse analysis. Oxford: Blackwell. Yemini, M., & Gordon, N. (2017). Media representations of national and international standardized testing in the Israeli education system. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 38(2), 262–276.