Phân tích các yếu tố môi trường liên quan đến sự phân hóa giới tính ở hải mã phương Bắc bằng cách sử dụng mô hình phân bố loài

Marine Biology - Tập 161 - Trang 481-487 - 2013
Jonatan J. Gomez1, Marcelo H. Cassini1
1Grupo de Estudios en Ecología de Mamíferos, Laboratorio de Biología del Comportamiento, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Tóm tắt

Hải mã là một trong những loài có sự phân hóa giới tính rõ rệt và đa thê nhất trong số các loài động vật có vú. Khu vực tìm kiếm thức ăn của chúng trải rộng trên các đại dương thế giới, nơi mà các giới tính thể hiện sự phân hoá không gian. Mục tiêu của bài báo này là để liên kết sự phân bố tìm kiếm thức ăn của hải mã cái và hải mã đực Mirounga angustirostris với các biến đổi khí hậu chính ở quy mô sinh học địa lý. Chúng tôi đã sử dụng các nguồn thông tin từ trang web và tài liệu tham khảo để thu thập thông tin về sự phân bố hải mã trưởng thành và các yếu tố dự đoán môi trường (nhiệt độ bề mặt và dưới đáy biển, năng suất và độ sâu đáy biển) và ba mô hình phân bố loài [mô hình tối đa hóa độ Entropy, phân tích yếu tố môi trường và dựa trên các bao hàm khí hậu (BIOCLIM)] để dự đoán tính thích hợp về môi trường của các vùng biển. BIOCLIM đã cung cấp sự phù hợp tốt nhất. Nhiệt độ bề mặt và dưới đáy biển là các biến có sức giải thích cao nhất đối với hải mã cái, trong khi độ sâu đáy biển lại là với các hải mã đực. Các bản đồ dự đoán cho thấy rằng nhiệt độ thấp hạn chế sự phân bố của hải mã cái, nhưng không ảnh hưởng đến hải mã đực ở vĩ độ cao. Chúng tôi cho rằng kích thước lớn làm tăng hiệu quả tìm kiếm thức ăn của hải mã đực bởi vì, bên cạnh những lợi ích khác, nó cải thiện độ cách nhiệt, giúp sử dụng tốt hơn các vùng lạnh và giàu dinh dưỡng của đại dương. Khả năng điều hòa nhiệt độ khác nhau giữa các giới tính do sự phân hóa kích thước nên là một lời giải thích bổ sung cho sự phân hoá giới tính ở hải mã.

Từ khóa

#hải mã #phân hóa giới tính #mô hình phân bố loài #biến đổi khí hậu #phân tích môi trường

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