Analysis of Tumor Specimens at the Time of Acquired Resistance to EGFR-TKI Therapy in 155 Patients with <i>EGFR</i>-Mutant Lung Cancers

Clinical Cancer Research - Tập 19 Số 8 - Trang 2240-2247 - 2013
Helena A. Yu1,2,3, Maria E. Arcila1,2,3, Natasha Rekhtman1,2,3, Camelia S. Sima1,2,3, Maureen F. Zakowski1,2,3, William Pao1,2,3, Mark G. Kris1,2,3, Vincent A. Miller1,2,3, Marc Ladanyi1,2,3, Gregory J. Riely1,2,3
1Authors' Affiliations: 1Thoracic Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine; 2Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College; 3Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; and 4Division of Hematology Oncology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
2Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
3Division of Hematology Oncology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee

Tóm tắt

Abstract Purpose: All patients with EGF receptor (EGFR)–mutant lung cancers eventually develop acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Smaller series have identified various mechanisms of resistance, but systematic evaluation of a large number of patients to definitively establish the frequency of various mechanisms has not been conducted. Experimental Design: Patients with lung adenocarcinomas and acquired resistance to erlotinib or gefitinib enrolled onto a prospective biopsy protocol and underwent a rebiopsy after the development of acquired resistance. Histology was reviewed. Samples underwent genotyping for mutations in EGFR, AKT1, BRAF, ERBB2, KRAS, MEK1, NRAS and PIK3CA, and FISH for MET and HER2. Results: Adequate tumor samples for molecular analysis were obtained in 155 patients. Ninety-eight had second-site EGFR T790M mutations [63%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 55%–70%] and four had small cell transformation (3%, 95% CI, 0%–6%). MET amplification was seen in 4 of 75 (5%; 95% CI, 1%–13%). HER2 amplification was seen in 3 of 24 (13%; 95% CI, 3%–32%). We did not detect any acquired mutations in PIK3CA, AKT1, BRAF, ERBB2, KRAS, MEK1, or NRAS (0 of 88, 0%; 95% CI, 0%–4%). Overlap among mechanisms of acquired resistance was seen in 4%. Conclusions: This is the largest series reporting mechanisms of acquired resistance to EGFR-TKI therapy. We identified EGFR T790M as the most common mechanism of acquired resistance, whereas MET amplification, HER2 amplification, and small cell histologic transformation occur less frequently. More comprehensive methods to characterize molecular alterations in this setting are needed to improve our understanding of acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs. Clin Cancer Res; 19(8); 2240–7. ©2013 AACR.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Mok, 2009, Gefitinib or carboplatin-paclitaxel in pulmonary adenocarcinoma, N Engl J Med, 361, 947, 10.1056/NEJMoa0810699

Mitsudomi, 2010, Gefitinib versus cisplatin plus docetaxel in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer harbouring mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (WJTOG3405): an open label, randomised phase 3 trial, Lancet Oncol, 11, 121, 10.1016/S1470-2045(09)70364-X

Maemondo, 2010, Gefitinib or chemotherapy for non-small-cell lung cancer with mutated EGFR, N Engl J Med, 362, 2380, 10.1056/NEJMoa0909530

Janne, 2012, Randomized Phase II trial of erlotinib alone or with carboplatin and paclitaxel in patients who were never or light former smokers with advanced lung adenocarcinoma: CALGB 30406 Trial, J Clin Oncol, 30, 2063, 10.1200/JCO.2011.40.1315

Kobayashi, 2005, EGFR mutation and resistance of non-small-cell lung cancer to gefitinib, N Engl J Med, 352, 786, 10.1056/NEJMoa044238

Pao, 2005, Acquired resistance of lung adenocarcinomas to gefitinib or erlotinib is associated with a second mutation in the EGFR kinase domain, PLoS Med, 2, e73, 10.1371/journal.pmed.0020073

Zakowski, 2006, EGFR mutations in small-cell lung cancers in patients who have never smoked, N Engl J Med, 355, 213, 10.1056/NEJMc053610

Sequist, 2011, Genotypic and histological evolution of lung cancers acquiring resistance to EGFR inhibitors, Sci Transl Med, 3, 75ra26, 10.1126/scitranslmed.3002003

Bean, 2007, MET amplification occurs with or without T790M mutations in EGFR mutant lung tumors with acquired resistance to gefitinib or erlotinib, Proc Natl Acad Sci, 104, 20932, 10.1073/pnas.0710370104

Engelman, 2007, MET amplification leads to gefitinib resistance in lung cancer by activating ERBB3 signaling, Science, 316, 1039, 10.1126/science.1141478

Takezawa, 2012, HER2 amplification: a potential mechanism of acquired resistance to EGFR inhibition in EGFR mutant lung cancers that lack the second-site EGFR T790M mutation, Cancer Discov, 2, 922, 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-12-0108

Ohashi, 2012, Lung cancers with acquired resistance to EGFR inhibitors occasionally harbor BRAF mutations but lack mutations in KRAS, NRAS, or MEK1, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 109, E2127, 10.1073/pnas.1203530109

Oxnard, 2011, Acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in EGFR mutant lung cancer: Distinct natural history of patients with tumors harboring the T790M mutation, Clin Cancer Res, 17, 1616, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-2692

Hata, 2012, Rebiopsy of non-small cell lung cancer patients with acquired resistance to EGFR-TKI: comparison between T790M mutation-positive and -negative populations, J Clin Oncol, 30, 10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.7528

Arcila, 2011, Rebiopsy of lung cancer patients with acquired resistance to EGFR inhibitors and enhanced detection of the T790M mutation using a locked nucleic acid-based assay, Clin Cancer Res, 17, 1169, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-2277

Pao, 2004, EGF receptor gene mutations are common in lung cancers from “never smokers” and are associated with sensitivity of tumors to gefitinib and erlotinib, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 101, 13306, 10.1073/pnas.0405220101

Pan, 2005, Rapid polymerase chain reaction-based detection of epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutations in lung adenocarcinomas, J Mol Diagn, 7, 396, 10.1016/S1525-1578(10)60569-7

Arcila, 2009, Improved detection of the EGFR T790M mutation in lung cancer patients with acquired resistance to EGFR TKIs using a locked nucleic acid-based approach, J Mol Diagn, 11

Cappuzzo, 2005, Increased HER2 gene copy number is associated with response to gefitinib therapy in epidermal growth factor receptor-positive non-small-cell lung cancer patients, J Clin Oncol, 23, 5007, 10.1200/JCO.2005.09.111

Hirsch, 2005, Increased epidermal growth factor receptor gene copy number detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization associates with increased sensitivity to gefitinib in patients with bronchioloalveolar carcinoma subtypes: a Southwest Oncology Group Study, J Clin Oncol, 23, 6838, 10.1200/JCO.2005.01.2823

Balak, 2006, Novel D761Y and common secondary T790M mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor-mutant lung adenocarcinomas with acquired resistance to kinase inhibitors, Clin Cancer Res, 12, 6494, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-1570

Bean, 2008, Acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor kinase inhibitors associated with a novel T854A mutation in a patient with EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma, Clin Cancer Res, 14, 7519, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-0151

Costa, 2007, BIM mediates EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor-induced apoptosis in lung cancers with oncogenic EGFR mutations, PLoS Med, 4, 1669, 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040315

Suda, 2010, Reciprocal and complementary role of MET amplification and EGFR T790M mutation in acquired resistance to kinase inhibitors in lung cancer, Clin Cancer Res, 16, 5489, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-1371

Gerlinger, 2012, Intratumor heterogeneity and branched evolution revealed by multiregion sequencing, N Engl J Med, 366, 883, 10.1056/NEJMoa1113205

Riely, 2006, Clinical course of patients with non-small cell lung cancer and epidermal growth factor receptor exon 19 and exon 21 mutations treated with gefitinib or erlotinib, Clin Cancer Res, 12, 839, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-1846

Harichand-Herdt, 2009, Gender-associated differences in lung cancer: clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes in women, Semin Oncol, 36, 572, 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2009.10.007

Radzikowska, 2002, Lung cancer in women: age, smoking, histology, performance status, stage, initial treatment and survival. Population-based study of 20 561 cases, Ann Oncol, 13, 1087, 10.1093/annonc/mdf187

Chmielecki, 2011, Optimization of dosing for EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer with evolutionary cancer modeling, Sci Translat Med, 3, 90ra59, 10.1126/scitranslmed.3002356

Chaft, 2011, Disease flare after tyrosine kinase inhibitor discontinuation in patients with EGFR-mutant lung cancer and acquired resistance to erlotinib or gefitinib: implications for clinical trial design, Clin Cancer Res, 17, 6298, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-1468

Riely, 2007, Prospective assessment of discontinuation and reinitiation of erlotinib or gefitinib in patients with acquired resistance to erlotinib or gefitinib followed by the addition of everolimus, Clin Cancer Res, 13, 5150, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-0560

Goldberg, 2012, Chemotherapy with erlotinib or chemotherapy alone in advanced NSCLC with acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), J Clin Oncol, 30, 10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.7524

Oxnard, 2012, Delay of chemotherapy through use of post-progression erlotinib in patients with EGFR-mutant lung cancer, J Clin Oncol, 30, 10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.7547

Faehling, 2012, Treatment with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors beyond progression in long-term responders to erlotinib in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a case-control study of overall survival, J Clin Oncol, 30, 10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.7572

Yano, 2008, Hepatocyte growth factor induces gefitinib resistance of lung adenocarcinoma with epidermal growth factor receptor-activating mutations, Cancer Res, 68, 9479, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-1643

Yano, 2011, Hepatocyte growth factor expression in EGFR mutant lung cancer with intrinsic and acquired resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in a Japanese cohort, J Thorac Oncol, 6, 2011, 10.1097/JTO.0b013e31823ab0dd

Zhang, 2012, Activation of the AXL kinase causes resistance to EGFR-targeted therapy in lung cancer, Nat Genet, 44, 852, 10.1038/ng.2330

Ercan, 2012, Reactivation of ERK signaling causes resistance to EGFR kinase inhibitors, Cancer Discov, 2, 934, 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-12-0103