An oligarchic microbial assemblage in the anoxic bottom waters of a volcanic subglacial lake

ISME Journal - Tập 3 Số 4 - Trang 486-497 - 2009
Eric Gaidos1,2, V. Marteinsson3, Þorsteinn Thorsteinsson4, Tómas Jøhannesson5, Árni Rafn Rúnarsson3, Andri Stefánsson6, S. A. Soule7, Brian Lanoil8, Mark Skidmore9, Sukkyun Han8, Mary Miller10, Antje Rusch1, W. Foo8
1Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
2NASA Astrobiology Institute , Mountain View, CA , USA
3MATIS-Prokaria , Reykjavík , Iceland
4Hydrological Service, National Energy Authority , Reykjavík , Iceland
5Icelandic Meteorological Office, Reykjavík, Iceland
6Science Institute, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
7Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
8Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California at Riverside , Riverside, CA , USA
9Department of Earth Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
10Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA

Tóm tắt

Abstract In 2006, we sampled the anoxic bottom waters of a volcanic lake beneath the Vatnajökull ice cap (Iceland). The sample contained 5 × 105 cells per ml, and whole-cell fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and PCR with domain-specific probes showed these to be essentially all bacteria, with no detectable archaea. Pyrosequencing of the V6 hypervariable region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene, Sanger sequencing of a clone library and FISH-based enumeration of four major phylotypes revealed that the assemblage was dominated by a few groups of putative chemotrophic bacteria whose closest cultivated relatives use sulfide, sulfur or hydrogen as electron donors, and oxygen, sulfate or CO2 as electron acceptors. Hundreds of other phylotypes are present at lower abundance in our V6 tag libraries and a rarefaction analysis indicates that sampling did not reach saturation, but FISH data limit the remaining biome to <10–20% of all cells. The composition of this oligarchy can be understood in the context of the chemical disequilibrium created by the mixing of sulfidic lake water and oxygenated glacial meltwater.

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ISME Journal

Tập 3 Số 4

486-497

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