An evaluation of ocean color model estimates of marine primary productivity in coastal and pelagic regions across the globe

Biogeosciences - Tập 8 Số 2 - Trang 489-503
V. S. Saba, Marjorie A. M. Friedrichs, David Antoine1, Richard A. Armstrong, I. Asanuma, M. Behrenfeld2, Áurea Maria Ciotti, Mark Dowell, N. Hoepffner3, Kimberly J.W. Hyde, Joji Ishizaka, T. Kameda, J. Marra4, F. Mélin5, A. Morel1, J. O'Reilly, M. Scardi, W. O. Smith6, Tim Smyth, S. Tang, Julia Uitz7, K. Waters, Toby K. Westberry2
1LOV - Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (Observatoire Océanologique Station zoologique 181, chemin du lazaret BP 28 06230 VILLEFRANCHE SUR MER Cedex - France)
2Department of Botany and Plant Pathology (United States)
3JOINT RESEARCH CENTER ITA (Italy)
4Paulista University (R. Dr. Bacelar 1212 São Paulo 04026-002 Brazil - Brazil)
5IES - JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (Via E. Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra - Italy)
6VIMS - Virginia Institute of Marine Science (Gloucester Point, VA - United States)
7SIO - UC San Diego - Scripps Institution of Oceanography (University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0208, U.S.A. - United States)

Tóm tắt

Abstract. Nearly half of the earth's photosynthetically fixed carbon derives from the oceans. To determine global and region specific rates, we rely on models that estimate marine net primary productivity (NPP) thus it is essential that these models are evaluated to determine their accuracy. Here we assessed the skill of 21 ocean color models by comparing their estimates of depth-integrated NPP to 1156 in situ 14C measurements encompassing ten marine regions including the Sargasso Sea, pelagic North Atlantic, coastal Northeast Atlantic, Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Arabian Sea, subtropical North Pacific, Ross Sea, West Antarctic Peninsula, and the Antarctic Polar Frontal Zone. Average model skill, as determined by root-mean square difference calculations, was lowest in the Black and Mediterranean Seas, highest in the pelagic North Atlantic and the Antarctic Polar Frontal Zone, and intermediate in the other six regions. The maximum fraction of model skill that may be attributable to uncertainties in both the input variables and in situ NPP measurements was nearly 72%. On average, the simplest depth/wavelength integrated models performed no worse than the more complex depth/wavelength resolved models. Ocean color models were not highly challenged in extreme conditions of surface chlorophyll-a and sea surface temperature, nor in high-nitrate low-chlorophyll waters. Water column depth was the primary influence on ocean color model performance such that average skill was significantly higher at depths greater than 250 m, suggesting that ocean color models are more challenged in Case-2 waters (coastal) than in Case-1 (pelagic) waters. Given that in situ chlorophyll-a data was used as input data, algorithm improvement is required to eliminate the poor performance of ocean color NPP models in Case-2 waters that are close to coastlines. Finally, ocean color chlorophyll-a algorithms are challenged by optically complex Case-2 waters, thus using satellite-derived chlorophyll-a to estimate NPP in coastal areas would likely further reduce the skill of ocean color models.

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Biogeosciences

Tập 8 Số 2

489-503

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