An empirical analysis of factors influencing sustainability-oriented entrepreneurial intention: a study on university students

Swati Goswami1, Rashi Alagh2, Mohd Adnan2, Ashok Kumar Pokhriyal1
1Department of Commerce, Chauras Campus, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, India
2Department of Commerce, SRT Campus, HNB Garhwal University, BadshahithaulTehri Garhwal, India

Tóm tắt

The present study constituted a modest attempt to investigate the effect of students’ perceived access to finance (PAF) and entrepreneurship education (EE) on sustainability-oriented entrepreneurship intention (SOEI) through their attitude toward sustainable entrepreneurship (ATSE). It primarily focuses on elaborating factors that foster the intention and attitude for starting a sustainable business among students by combining the psychological factor of EE with the environmental factor of PAF. For this purpose, the cross-sectional survey design following a quantitative approach was adopted. A sample of 199 students pursuing business and non-business undergraduate courses at the HNBGU, Uttarakhand, were surveyed using a questionnaire and analyzed using SEM in AMOS version 23. The findings revealed mixed results by showing a significant positive impact of PAF and a negative and insignificant impact of EE on ATSE. Moreover, the author affirms the presence of a positive association between ATSE and SOEI. The outcomes revealed the role of specified factors in encouraging students’ sustainability-oriented entrepreneurial attitudes and intent. Initially, it contributed a lot toward enlightening the role and significance of finance in fostering a positive attitude and intent for sustainable entrepreneurship. On the other hand, it emphasizes revisiting EE methods affecting students’ entrepreneurial cognition for sustainable business. Lastly, this research stresses stimulating positive attitudes among young students to foster their SOEI. This study is highly relevant as it comprehends the apparent contradictions in the literature, particularly concerning the emerging area of sustainable entrepreneurship.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Agarwal, R., Pundir, S., & Pokhriyal, A. K. (2022). The role of Indian entrepreneurship ecosystem in the era of climate change. AMC Indian Journal of Entrepreneurship, 5(2), 56–65. https://doi.org/10.17010/amcije/2022/v5i2/171470 Agu, A. G., Kalu, O. O., Esi-Ubani, C. O., & Agu, P. C. (2021). Drivers of sustainable entrepreneurial intentions among university students: An integrated model from a developing world context. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 22(3), 659–680. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-07-2020-0277 Ahmed, T., Chandran, V. G. R., Klobas, J. E., Liñán, F., & Kokkalis, P. (2020). Entrepreneurship education programmes: How learning, inspiration and resources affect intentions for new venture creation in a developing economy. The International Journal of Management Education, 18(1), 100327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2019.100327 Ajzen, Icek. (1987). Attitudes, traits, and actions: Dispositional prediction of behavior in personality and social psychology. In Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 20, 1–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60411-6. Elsevier. Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T Anwar, I., Thoudam, P., & Saleem, I. (2022). Role of entrepreneurial education in shaping entrepreneurial intention among university students: Testing the hypotheses using mediation and moderation approach. Journal of Education for Business, 97(1), 8–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/08832323.2021.1883502 Bui, T. H., Viet, T. L., Nguyen, T., Tran, M. D., & Nguyen, T. A. T. (2020). Determinants influencing entrepreneurial intention among undergraduates in universities of Vietnam. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(7), 369–78. https://doi.org/10.13106/JAFEB.2020.VOL7.NO7.369 Denanyoh, R., Adjei, K., & Nyemekye, G. E. (2015). Factors That Impact on Entrepreneurial Intention of Tertiary Students in Ghana. International Journal of Business and Social Research, 05(03), 19–29. Diana Rusu, Valentina, and Angela Roman. 2020. “Assessing the role of access to finance for young potential entrepreneurs: The case of Romania.” KnE Social Sciences, January. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v4i1.5996 Svotwa, T. D., Jaiyeoba, O., Roberts-Lombard, M., & Makanyeza, C. (2022). Perceived Access to Finance, Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy, Attitude Toward Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurial Ability, and Entrepreneurial Intentions: A Botswana Youth Perspective. SAGE Open, 12(2), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1177/215824402210964 El-Gohary, H., Sultan, F., Alam, S., Abbas, M., & Muhammad, S. (2023). Shaping sustainable entrepreneurial intentions among business graduates in developing countries through social media adoption: A moderating-mediated mechanism in Pakistan. Sustainability, 15(3), 2489. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032489 Elnadi, M., & Gheith, M. H. (2021). Entrepreneurial ecosystem, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial intention in higher education: Evidence from Saudi Arabia. The International Journal of Management Education, 19(1), 100458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2021.100458 Evans, D. S., & Jovanovic, B. (1989). An estimated model of entrepreneurial choice under liquidity constraints. Journal of Political Economy, 97(4), 808–827. https://doi.org/10.1086/261629 Field, A. (2017). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics (5th ed.). SAGE Publications. Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104 Gerbing, D. W., & Anderson, J. C. (1988). An updated paradigm for scale development incorporating unidimensionality and its assessment. Journal of Marketing Research, 25(2), 186. https://doi.org/10.2307/3172650 Hair, J. F., Tomas, G., Hult, M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (Eds.). (2017). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (2nd ed.). Sage. Hasan, Sk. Mahmudul, Eijaz Ahmed Khan, Md. Noor Un Nabi. 2017. “Entrepreneurial education at university level and entrepreneurship development.” Education Training 59 (7/8): 888–906. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-01-2016-0020 Henry, C., Hill, F., & Leitch, C. (2005). Entrepreneurship education and training: Can entrepreneurship be taught? Part I. Education + Training, 47(2), 98–111. https://doi.org/10.1108/00400910510586524 Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8 Hindle, K., Klyver, K., & Jennings, D. F. (2009). An “Informed” Intent Model: Incorporating Human Capital, Social Capital, and Gender Variables into the Theoretical Model of Entrepreneurial Intentions. In A. L. Carsrud & M. Brännback (Eds.), Understanding the Entrepreneurial Mind (Vol. 24, pp. 35–50). Springer New York. https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-1-4419-0443-0_3 Hockerts, K., & Wüstenhagen, R. (2010). Greening Goliaths versus emerging Davids — Theorizing about the role of incumbents and new entrants in sustainable entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 25(5), 481–492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2009.07.005 Hussain, T., Zia-Ur-Rehman, M., & Abbas, S. (2021). Role of entrepreneurial knowledge and personal attitude in developing entrepreneurial intentions in business graduates: A case of Pakistan. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 11(1), 439–449. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40497-021-00283-0 Kaiser, H. F., & Rice, J. (1974). Little Jiffy, Mark Iv. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 34(1), 111–117. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316447403400115 Karimi, S., Biemans, H. J. A., Lans, T., Chizari, M., & Mulder, M. (2016). The impact of entrepreneurship education: A study of Iranian students’ entrepreneurial intentions and opportunity identification. Journal of Small Business Management, 54(1), 187–209. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12137 Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling (3rd ed.). Guilford Press Kristiansen, S., & Indarti, N. (2004). Entrepreneurial intention among Indonesian and Norwegian students. Journal of Enterprising Culture, 12(01), 55–78. https://doi.org/10.1142/S021849580400004X Krueger, N. F., & Brazeal, D. V. (1994). Entrepreneurial potential and potential entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 18(3), 91–104. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879401800307 Kyal, H., Mandal, A., Kujur, F., & Guha, S. (2022). Individual entrepreneurial orientation on MSME’s performance: The mediating effect of employee motivation and the moderating effect of government intervention. IIM Ranchi Journal of Management Studies, 1(1), 21–37. https://doi.org/10.1108/IRJMS-07-2021-0041 Yung, C. K., Al Mamun, A., & Salamah, A. A. (2023). Entrepreneurship Education on Entrepreneurial Intention Among University Students in Malaysia. In B. Alareeni & A. Hamdan (Eds.), Innovation of Businesses, and Digitalization during Covid-19 Pandemic (pp. 1035–1046). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08090-6_70 Lakhan, G. R., Soomro, B. A., Channa, A., Ahmed, S., & Khushk, G. M. (2021). Perceived access to finance and social entrepreneurship intentions among university students in Sindh, Pakistan. Palarch’s Journal Of Archaeology Of Egypt/Egyptology, 18(8), 1894–1905. Laukkanen, M. (2000). Exploring alternative approaches in high-level entrepreneurship education: Creating micromechanisms for endogenous regional growth. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 12(1), 25–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/089856200283072 Lediana, E., Perdana, T., Deliana, Y., & Sendjaja, T. P. (2023). Sustainable entrepreneurial intention of youth for agriculture start-up: An integrated model. Sustainability, 15(3), 2326. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032326 Liñán, F., & Chen, Y. W. (2009). Development and cross–cultural application of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(3), 593–617. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00318.x Liñán, F., Nabi, G., and Krueger N. (2013). British and Spanish entrepreneurial intentions: A comparative study, n/a. https://www.proquest.com/docview/1440933503. Accessed 1 Jul 2023 Luc, P. T. (2018). The relationship between perceived access to finance and social entrepreneurship intentions among university students in Vietnam. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 5(1), 63–72. https://doi.org/10.13106/JAFEB.2018.VOL5.NO1.63 Martin, B. C., McNally, J. J., & Kay, M. J. (2013). Examining the formation of human capital in entrepreneurship: A meta-analysis of entrepreneurship education outcomes. Journal of Business Venturing, 28(2), 211–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2012.03.002 Michelle, K., & Tendai, C. (2016). The association of entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention among university students in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. International Journal of Educational Sciences, 12(3), 200–211. https://doi.org/10.1080/09751122.2016.11890427 Moog, P. (2002). Human capital and its influence on entrepreneurial success. Historical Social Research / Historische Sozialforschung, 27 4(102), 157–80. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20757957. Accessed 25 May 2023 Muñoz, P., & Cohen, B. (2018). Sustainable entrepreneurship research: Taking stock and looking ahead. Business Strategy and the Environment, 27(3), 300–322. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2000 Nguyen, T. T. (2020). The impact of access to finance and environmental factors on entrepreneurial intention: The mediator role of entrepreneurial behavioural control. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 8(2), 127–40. https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2020.080207 Obschonka, M., Hakkarainen, K., Lonka, K., & Salmela-Aro, K. (2017). Entrepreneurship as a twenty-first century skill: Entrepreneurial alertness and intention in the transition to adulthood. Small Business Economics, 48(3), 487–501. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-016-9798-6 Oosterbeek, H., Van Praag, M., & Ijsselstein, A. (2010). The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurship skills and motivation. European Economic Review, 54(3), 442–454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2009.08.002 Rusu, V. D., Roman, A., & Tudose, M. B. (2022). Determinants of entrepreneurial intentions of youth: The role of access to finance. Engineering Economics, 33(1), 86–102. https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.33.1.28716 Saoula, O., Shamim, A., Ahmad, M. J., & Abid, M. F. (2023). Do entrepreneurial self-efficacy, entrepreneurial motivation, and family support enhance entrepreneurial intention? The mediating role of entrepreneurial education. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 17(1), 20–45. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJIE-06-2022-0055 Schlaegel, C., & Koenig, M. (2014). Determinants of entrepreneurial intent: A meta–analytic test and integration of competing models. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38(2), 291–332. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12087 Setiawan, J. L. (2014). Examining entrepreneurial self-efficacy among students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 115(February), 235–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.02.431 Shahid, M. S., Hossain, M., Shahid, S., & Anwar, T. (2023). Frugal innovation as a source of sustainable entrepreneurship to tackle social and environmental challenges. Journal of Cleaner Production, 406(June), 137050. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.137050 Shapero, A., & Lisa S. (1982). The social dimensions of entrepreneurship. SSRN Scholarly Paper. Rochester, NY. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1497759. Accessed 20 May 2023 Sharma, L., Bulsara, H.P., Trivedi, M., & Bagdi, H. (2023). An analysis of sustainability-driven entrepreneurial intentions among university students: The role of university support and SDG knowledge. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1108/JARHE-11-2022-0359 Shepherd, D. A., & Patzelt, H. (2011). The new field of sustainable entrepreneurship: Studying entrepreneurial action linking ‘what is to be sustained’ with ‘what is to be developed.’ Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 35(1), 137–163. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00426.x Sher, A., Abbas, A., Mazhar, S., Azadi, H., & Lin, G. (2020). Fostering sustainable ventures: Drivers of sustainable start-up intentions among aspiring entrepreneurs in Pakistan. Journal of Cleaner Production, 262(July), 121269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121269 Sung, C., & Park, J. (2018). Sustainability orientation and entrepreneurship orientation: Is there a tradeoff relationship between them? Sustainability, 10(2), 379. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10020379 Thelken, H. N., & De Jong, G. (2020). The impact of values and future orientation on intention formation within sustainable entrepreneurship. Journal of Cleaner Production, 266(September), 122052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122052 Trivedi, R. (2016). Does university play significant role in shaping entrepreneurial intention? A cross-country comparative analysis. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 23(3), 790–811. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-10-2015-0149 Urban, B., & Ratsimanetrimanana, F. (2019). Access to finance and entrepreneurial intention: An empirical study of madagascan rural areas. Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, 13(4), 455–471. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEC-12-2018-0106 Venghaus, S., Henseleit, M., & Belka, M. (2022). The impact of climate change awareness on behavioral changes in Germany: Changing minds or changing behavior? Energy, Sustainability and Society, 12(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13705-022-00334-8 Vuorio, A. (2017). Young adults and sustainable entrepreneurship: The role of culture and demographic factors. J. International Business and Entrepreneurship Development, 10(3), 209–230. Vuorio, A. M., Puumalainen, K., & Fellnhofer, K. (2018). Drivers of entrepreneurial intentions in sustainable entrepreneurship. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 24(2), 359–381. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-03-2016-0097 Waris, I., Barkat, W., Ahmed, A., & Hameed, I. (2022). Fostering sustainable businesses: Understanding sustainability-driven entrepreneurial intention among university students in Pakistan. Social Responsibility Journal, 18(8), 1409–1426. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-10-2020-0399 Wijayati, D. T., Fazlurrahman, H., Hadi, H. K., & Arifah, I. D. C. (2021). The effect of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intention through planned behavioural control, subjective norm, and entrepreneurial attitude. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 11(1), 505–518. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40497-021-00298-7 Zhang, W., Li, Y., Zeng, Q., Zhang, M., & Xiaozhong, Lu. (2022). Relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention among college students: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(19), 12158. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912158 Zikmund, W. G., B. J. Babin, J. C. Carr, A. Adhikari, and M. Griffin. (2016). Business research methods: A South-Asian perspective. 8th ed. Cengage Learning. https://books.google.co.in/books?id=l1IPzgEACAAJ. Accessed 12 Aug 2023