An acid-tolerant ammonia-oxidizing γ-proteobacterium from soil

ISME Journal - Tập 11 Số 5 - Trang 1130-1141 - 2017
Masahito Hayatsu1, Kanako Tago1, Ikuo Uchiyama2, Atsushi Toyoda3, Yong Wang1, Yumi Shimomura1, Takashi Okubo1, Futoshi Kurisu4, Yuhei Hirono5, Kunihiko Nonaka5, Hiroko Akiyama1, Takehiko Itoh6, Hideto Takami7
1Institute of Agro-Environmental Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
2National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
3Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics , Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
4Research Center for Water Environment Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
5Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, NARO , Shimada, Shizuoka, Japan
6Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology , Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
7Yokohama Institute, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) , Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan

Tóm tắt

AbstractNitrification, the microbial oxidation of ammonia to nitrate via nitrite, occurs in a wide range of acidic soils. However, the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) that have been isolated from soil to date are acid-sensitive. Here we report the isolation and characterization of an acid-adapted AOB from an acidic agricultural soil. The isolated AOB, strain TAO100, is classified within the Gammaproteobacteria based on phylogenetic characteristics. TAO100 can grow in the pH range of 5–7.5 and survive in highly acidic conditions until pH 2 by forming cell aggregates. Whereas all known gammaproteobacterial AOB (γ-AOB) species, which have been isolated from marine and saline aquatic environments, are halophiles, TAO100 is not phenotypically halophilic. Thus, TAO100 represents the first soil-originated and non-halophilic γ-AOB. The TAO100 genome is considerably smaller than those of other γ-AOB and lacks several genes associated with salt tolerance which are unnecessary for survival in soil. The ammonia monooxygenase subunit A gene of TAO100 and its transcript are higher in abundance than those of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and betaproteobacterial AOB in the strongly acidic soil. These results indicate that TAO100 plays an important role in the nitrification of acidic soils. Based on these results, we propose TAO100 as a novel species of a new genus, Candidatus Nitrosoglobus terrae.

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ISME Journal

Tập 11 Số 5

1130-1141

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