Alcohol use in pregnancy and its impact on the mother and child

Addiction - Tập 115 Số 11 - Trang 2148-2163 - 2020
Ju Lee Oei1,2,3
1Department of Newborn Care, The Royal Hospital for Women, Randwick, NSW, Australia
2Drug and Alcohol Services, Murrumbidgee Local Health District, NSW, Australia
3School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia;

Tóm tắt

AbstractAimsTo review the impact of prenatal alcohol exposure on the outcomes of the mother and child.DesignNarrative review.SettingReview of literature.ParticipantsMothers and infants affected by prenatal alcohol use.MeasurementsOutcomes of mothers and children.FindingsPrenatal alcohol exposure is one of the most important causes of preventable cognitive impairment in the world. The developing neurological system is exquisitely sensitive to harm from alcohol and there is now also substantial evidence that alcohol‐related harm can extend beyond the individual person, leading to epigenetic changes and intergenerational vulnerability and disadvantage. There is no known safe level or timing of drinking for pregnant or lactating women and binge drinking (> four drinks within 2 hours for women) is the most harmful. Alcohol‐exposure increases the risk of congenital problems, including Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) and its most severe form, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS).ConclusionThe impact of FASD and FAS is enduring and life‐long with no current treatment or cure. Emerging therapeutic options may mitigate the worst impact of alcohol exposure but significant knowledge gaps remain. This review discusses the history, epidemiology and clinical presentations of prenatal alcohol exposure, focusing on FASD and FAS, and the impact of evidence on future research, practice and policy directions.

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Addiction

Tập 115 Số 11

2148-2163

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