Men‐Tai Wu1, K. S. L. Lam2,3,4, Wen‐Chin Lee2,3,4, K T Hsu2,3,4, Chien‐Hsing Wu2,3,4, Ben‐Chung Cheng2,3,4, Hwee‐Yeong Ng2,3,4, Po‐Jui Chi2,3,4, Yueh‐Ting Lee2,3,4, Chien‐Te Lee5
1Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
2Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
3Division of Nephrology, Depart-ment of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hos-pital, No.123 Ta Pei Road, Niao Sung District, Kaohsiung City, 833, Taiwan.
4Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and
5Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Tóm tắt
BackgroundBoth albuminuria and proteinuria are important disease markers of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Their relationship and the ratio between urinary albumin and protein in patients with CKD have not been investigated. Whether clinical features can affect these measurements is not clear.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study in 602 CKD patients. Demographic data, including age, gender, and co‐morbidity such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperuricemia, and hyperlipidemia, were reviewed and recorded. Their urinary albumin, total protein, and creatinine were determined and urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR), total protein to creatinine ratio (UPCR), and albumin to total protein ratio (UAPR) were calculated. Their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated according to serum creatinine. The correlation between UACR and UPCR was thus analyzed. We also investigated factors associated with these urinary measurements.ResultsUACR and UPCR increased progressively as renal function deteriorated, while UAPR increased to a plateau in CKD stage 4. There was direct relationship between UACR and UPCR. UAPR rose exponentially with the increase of both UACR and UPCR when UACR <500 mg/g or UPCR <1,000 mg/g. Multivariate regression analysis revealed diabetes and hyperuricemia were associated with increased UACR and UPCR, while both urinary parameters were inversely related to male gender and eGFR. Diabetes and hyperuricemia were associated with increased UAPR and UAPR was negatively correlated with age and eGFR.ConclusionThere was a significant association between UACR and UPCR in patients with CKD. Characteristics of patients, renal function, and co‐morbidities all affected UACR, UPCR, and UAPR.
