Virus SARS-CoV-2 trong không khí thường được phát hiện nhiều hơn ở môi trường liên quan đến trẻ em và người cao tuổi nhưng có khả năng không gây nhiễm bệnh, Na Uy, 2022

Virology Journal
Priscilla Gomes da Silva1,2,3,4,5, Mahima Hemnani3,5,1, José Artur Teixeira Gonçalves6, Elisa Rodríguez6, Pedro A. García‐Encina6, María Säo José Nascimento7, Sofia Sousa2,4, Mette Myrmel7, João R. Mesquita1,3,5,8
1ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
2ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
3Epidemiology Research Unit (EPIunit), Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
4LEPABE — Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
5Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
6Institute of Sustainable Processes, Valladolid University, Valladolid, Spain
7Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
8Virology Unit, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway

Tóm tắt

Tóm tắtNghiên cứu này điều tra sự hiện diện của SARS-CoV-2 trong môi trường trong nhà và ngoài trời tại hai thành phố ở Na Uy trong khoảng thời gian từ tháng 4 đến tháng 5 năm 2022. Khi các biện pháp hạn chế COVID-19 được dỡ bỏ và chính phủ tập trung vào tiêm chủng, nghiên cứu này nhằm làm rõ khả năng lây truyền virus trong các tình huống khác nhau. Việc lấy mẫu không khí đã được tiến hành tại các cơ sở y tế và phi y tế, bao gồm các địa điểm mà người dân ở các độ tuổi khác nhau thường lui tới. Nghiên cứu phát hiện trong tổng cộng 31 mẫu không khí, chỉ có bốn mẫu cho thấy sự hiện diện của RNA SARS-CoV-2 thông qua RT-qPCR, và không có virus sống nào được phát hiện sau khi xử lý RNAse. Những mẫu dương tính chủ yếu liên quan đến các môi trường có trẻ em và người cao tuổi. Đáng chú ý, việc phân tích chuỗi gen đã tiết lộ các đột biến liên quan đến khả năng lây nhiễm tăng cao trong một trong các mẫu. Kết quả này nhấn mạnh tầm quan trọng của việc coi trẻ em là nguồn lây truyền virus tiềm tàng, đặc biệt là trong các môi trường có thời gian tiếp xúc lâu dài trong nhà. Khi tỷ lệ tiêm chủng gia tăng trên toàn cầu, và với việc trẻ em vẫn chiếm một phần lớn dân số chưa được tiêm chủng, nghiên cứu nhấn mạnh sự cần thiết phải tái áp dụng quy định đeo khẩu trang trong nhà và trên phương tiện giao thông công cộng nhằm giảm sự lây truyền virus. Các phát hiện này có tác động đến các chiến lược y tế công cộng để kiểm soát COVID-19, đặc biệt là khi đối mặt với các biến thể mới và khả năng lây truyền tăng trong mùa thu và mùa đông.

Từ khóa

#SARS-CoV-2 #lây truyền virus #môi trường trong nhà #trẻ em #người cao tuổi #Na Uy #COVID-19

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