Age‐related differences in working memory deficits during nicotine withdrawal

Addiction Biology - Tập 19 Số 5 - Trang 907-917 - 2014
Mary Falcone1,2, E. Paul Wileyto1,3, Kosha Ruparel4, Raphael T. Gerraty4, Leah LaPrate1, John A. Detre5, Ruben C. Gur4, James Loughead4, Caryn Lerman1
1Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Nicotine Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
2Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
3Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
4Brain Behavior Laboratory, Neuropsychiatry Department, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
5Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

Tóm tắt

Abstract

Nicotine withdrawal is associated with subtle working memory deficits that predict subsequent relapse. We examined the neural substrates underlying these processes in treatment‐seeking smokers, and explored the moderating influence of age on abstinence‐induced alterations in brain activity and performance. Sixty‐three smokers participated in two blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging scans while performing a visual N‐back task on two separate occasions: smoking as usual and after 24 hours of biochemically confirmed abstinence (order counterbalanced). Abstinence (versus smoking) led to reduced accuracy, slower median correct response time and reduced BOLD signal change in the three a priori regions of interest: medial frontal/cingulate gyrus and right and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Significant age × session effects were found for BOLD signal change in all three regions, as well as for withdrawal and craving; for all measures, abstinence effects were attenuated in smokers aged ≥50 years compared with those <50 years old. These results suggest that abstinence effects on neurocognitive function may be more pronounced for younger smokers, and may indicate a new avenue for research exploring mechanisms underlying age differences in smoking cessation success.

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Addiction Biology

Tập 19 Số 5

907-917

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