Adiponectin: một adipocytokin chính trong hội chứng chuyển hóa

Clinical Science - Tập 110 Số 3 - Trang 267-278 - 2006
Yoshihisa Okamoto1,2, Shinji Kihara1, Tohru Funahashi1, Yūji Matsuzawa3, Peter Libby2
1Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
2Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, U.S.A.
3Sumitomo Hospital, 5-3-20, Nakanoshima Kita-ku, Osaka 530-0005, Japan

Tóm tắt

Hội chứng chuyển hóa, một nhóm các rối loạn chuyển hóa thường liên quan đến béo phì nội tạng, làm tăng tỷ lệ tử vong và bệnh tật tim mạch. Là mô nội tiết lớn nhất của cơ thể, mô mỡ không chỉ lưu trữ năng lượng dư thừa mà còn tiết ra nhiều adipocytokin sinh học có hoạt tính. Bệnh nhân béo phì, đặc biệt là những người có tích tụ mỡ nội tạng, có nồng độ adiponectin trong huyết tương thấp hơn, adiponectin là adipocytokin dồi dào nhất và đặc hiệu cho mô mỡ. Mặc dù mối liên hệ giữa adiponectin và một số bệnh vẫn còn gây tranh cãi, nhiều nghiên cứu lâm sàng đã chứng minh rằng nồng độ adiponectin trong huyết tương thấp (hypoadiponectinaemia) có mối liên hệ chặt chẽ với các bệnh liên quan đến béo phì, bao gồm bệnh tim mạch xơ vữa, bệnh tiểu đường loại II, tăng huyết áp và rối loạn lipid máu. Các bằng chứng thực nghiệm ngày càng gia tăng cho thấy adiponectin có các đặc tính chống xơ vữa, chống viêm và chống tiểu đường, và có thể cũng tham gia quan trọng vào cơ chế của hội chứng chuyển hóa và các bệnh khác. Mặc dù có những mối liên hệ này, vẫn cần có thêm các nghiên cứu lâm sàng và thực nghiệm để làm sáng tỏ ý nghĩa sinh lý bệnh của protein này trong cơ thể. Mặc dù việc đánh giá adiponectin như một liệu pháp mới cuối cùng sẽ cần các nghiên cứu can thiệp lâm sàng, chất trung gian này có thể đại diện cho một mục tiêu mới cho việc ngăn ngừa và điều trị hội chứng chuyển hóa béo phì nội tạng.

Từ khóa


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