Active video games: the mediating effect of aerobic fitness on body composition
Tóm tắt
Increased understanding of why and how physical activity impacts on health outcomes is needed to increase the effectiveness of physical activity interventions. A recent randomized controlled trial of an active video game (PlayStation EyeToy™) intervention showed a statistically significant treatment effect on the primary outcome, change from baseline in body mass index (BMI), which favored the intervention group at 24 weeks. In this short paper we evaluate the mediating effects of the secondary outcomes. To identify mediators of the effect of an active video games intervention on body composition. Data from a two-arm parallel randomized controlled trial of an active video game intervention (n = 322) were analyzed. The primary outcome was change from baseline in BMI. A priori secondary outcomes were considered as potential mediators of the intervention on BMI, including aerobic fitness (VO2Max), time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and food snacking at 24 weeks. Only aerobic fitness at 24 weeks met the conditions for mediation, and was a significant mediator of BMI. Playing active video games can have a positive effect on body composition in overweight or obese children and this effect is most likely mediated through improved aerobic fitness. Future trials should examine other potential mediators related to this type of intervention. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry Website:
http://www.anzctr.org.au
Study ID number: ACTRN12607000632493
Tài liệu tham khảo
Maddison R, Foley L, Ni Mhurchu C, et al: Effects of active video games on body composition: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011, 94: 10.3945/ajcn.3110.009142.
Kraemer H, Wilson GT, Fairburn CG, Agras WS: Mediators and moderators of treatment effects in randomized clinical trials. Arch General Psych. 2002, 59: 877-883. 10.1001/archpsyc.59.10.877.
Maddison R, Foley L, Ni Mhurchu C, et al: Active video games to improve body composition and increase physical activity in overweight children: design and conduct of the Electronic Games to Aid Motivation to Exercise (eGAME) randomised controlled trial. BMC Publ Health. 2009, 9 (1): 146-10.1186/1471-2458-9-146.
Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, Dietz WH: Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey. BMJ. 2000, 320: 1240-1243. 10.1136/bmj.320.7244.1240.
Biddiss E, Irwin J: Active video games to promote physical activity in children and youth. Arch Ped Adolesc Med. 2010, 164 (7): 664-672. 10.1001/archpediatrics.2010.104.
Maddison R, Ni Mhurchu C, Jull A, Jiang Y, Prapavessis H, Rodgers A: Energy expended playing video console games: an opportunity to increase children's physical activity?. Ped Exerc Sci. 2007, 19 (3): 334-343.
Sport and Recreation New Zealand. Activity Guidelines (5–18 year olds). 2009, [http://www.sparc.org.nz/getting-active/activity-guidelines]
Ni Mhurchu C, Maddison R, Jiang Y, Jull A, Prapavessis H, Rodgers A: From couch potatoes to jumping beans: a pilot study of the effect of active video games on physical activity in children. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2008, 5 (8): 10.1186/1479-5868-1185-1188.
McArdle WD, Katch FI, Katch VL: Exercise Physiology: Energy, Nutrition, and Human Performance. 1991, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia
Lukaski HC, Bolonchuk WW, Hall CB, Siders WA: Validation of tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance method to assess human body composition. J Appl Physiol. 1986, 60 (4): 1327-1332.
Rush E, Puniani K, Valencia M, Davies P, Plank L: Estimation of body fatness from body mass index and bioelectrical impedance: comparison of New Zealand European, Maori and Pacific Island children. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003, 57: 1394-1401. 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601701.
Tomkinson G, Léger L, Olds T, Cazorla G: Secular trends in the performance of children and adolescents (1980–2000): an analysis of 55 studies of the 20 m shuttle run in 11 countries. Sports Med. 2003, 33: 285-300. 10.2165/00007256-200333040-00003.
Ramsbottom R, Brewer J, Williams C: A progressive shuttle run test to estimate maximal oxygen uptake. British J Sports Med. 1988, 22: 141-144. 10.1136/bjsm.22.4.141.
Freedson P, Pober D, Janz KF: Calibration of accelerometer output for children. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005, 37 (11): S523-S530.
Baron RM, Kenny DA: The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological reserach: conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations. J Pers Soc Psych. 1986, 51: 1173-1182.
R-collaboration. [http://www.r-project.org/]
Puder J, Marques-Vidal P, Schindler C, et al: Effect of multidimensional lifestyle intervention on fitness and adiposity in predominantly migrant preschool children (Ballabeina): cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2011, 343: d6195-10.1136/bmj.d6195.