Abnormal mitosis in reactive astrocytes

Acta Neuropathologica Communications - Tập 8 - Trang 1-20 - 2020
Alexander Sosunov1, Xiaoping Wu1, Robert McGovern2, Charles Mikell3, Guy M. McKhann1, James E. Goldman4
1Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University, New York, USA
2Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
3Department of Neurosurgery, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, USA
4Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, USA

Tóm tắt

Although abnormal mitosis with disarranged metaphase chromosomes or many micronuclei in astrocytes (named “Alzheimer I type astrocytes” and later “Creutzfeldt-Peters cells”) have been known for nearly 100 years, the origin and mechanisms of this pathology remain elusive. In experimental brain insults in rats, we show that abnormal mitoses that are not followed by cytokinesis are typical for reactive astrocytes. The pathology originates due to the inability of the cells to form normal mitotic spindles with subsequent metaphase chromosome congression, which, in turn may be due to shape constraints aggravated by cellular enlargement and to the accumulation of large amounts of cytosolic proteins. Many astrocytes escape from arrested mitosis by producing micronuclei. These polyploid astrocytes can survive for long periods of time and enter into new cell cycles.

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